Question

почему российские монархи 18 века считали самодержавие, абсолютную монархию единственно возможным для России способом управления страной?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

Абсолютизм в России формировался на базе безраздельного господства феодально-крепостнической системы. Самодержавию приходилось лавировать между группировками господствующего класса. В годы обострения социальных противоречий между антагонистическими классами феодального общества все прослойки господствующего класса сплачивались вокруг царя, что способствовало укреплению самодержавия и централизации управления. В этом же направлении осуществлялась и внешняя политика правительства.

Переход России к абсолютизму проявлялся в разных сферах политической жизни страны: в изменении царского титула; в отмирании такого атрибута сословно-представительной монархии, как земские соборы; в эволюции приказной системы, а также состава Боярской думы; в расширении участия различных слоев населения в государственном аппарате, наконец, в победном исходе для царской власти ее соперничества с властью церковной.

Answer 2

Russian Monarchs and Autocracy in the 18th Century

Russian monarchs in the 18th century considered autocracy, or absolute monarchy, as the only viable form of government for Russia. This belief was influenced by several factors, including historical, cultural, and geopolitical considerations.

1. Historical Context: One of the key factors that shaped the Russian monarchy's view of autocracy was the country's historical experience. Throughout its history, Russia had faced numerous challenges, including invasions, internal conflicts, and political instability. As a result, the Russian rulers sought to consolidate their power and maintain stability by centralizing authority in their hands.

2. Cultural and Social Factors: The Russian society of the 18th century was characterized by a strong hierarchical structure and a deeply ingrained sense of obedience to authority. The concept of autocracy resonated with the prevailing cultural norms and values, which emphasized the importance of a strong ruler who could protect and guide the nation.

3. Geopolitical Considerations: Russia's vast territory and its position as a multiethnic empire posed unique challenges for governance. The Russian rulers believed that a centralized and autocratic system would be better suited to manage the diverse interests and maintain control over such a vast empire.

4. Influence of Western Ideas: During the 18th century, Russian monarchs were exposed to Enlightenment ideas and political theories from Western Europe. However, rather than embracing the principles of constitutional monarchy or popular sovereignty, the Russian rulers selectively adopted certain aspects of Western thought while maintaining the autocratic nature of their rule.

5. Peter the Great's Reforms: The reign of Peter the Great (1682-1725) played a significant role in shaping the concept of autocracy in Russia. Peter implemented a series of reforms aimed at modernizing and centralizing the state. These reforms, known as the "Westernization" of Russia, were based on the idea that a strong and centralized government was necessary for the country's progress and security.

In conclusion, Russian monarchs in the 18th century considered autocracy as the only viable form of government for Russia due to historical experiences, cultural factors, geopolitical considerations, the influence of Western ideas, and the reforms implemented by Peter the Great. The belief in autocracy was rooted in the desire for stability, centralized authority, and the unique challenges faced by the Russian Empire.