Question

С какой целью были созданы законы Хаммурапи ​

Answer 1

Результат крупной реформы существовавшего правопорядка, призванной унифицировать и дополнить действие неписаных норм поведения, зародившихся ещё в первобытном обществе.

Answer 2

The Purpose of Hammurabi's Code

Hammurabi's Code, also known as the Code of Hammurabi, was a set of laws created by the Babylonian king Hammurabi in ancient Mesopotamia around 1754 BCE. The code consisted of 282 laws that covered various aspects of life, including civil, criminal, and commercial matters. The purpose of Hammurabi's Code was multifaceted and can be understood from different perspectives.

1. Establishing Order and Justice: One of the primary purposes of Hammurabi's Code was to establish order and justice in society. The code aimed to provide a clear set of rules and regulations that governed the behavior of individuals and maintained social harmony. By defining specific actions and their corresponding punishments, the code sought to deter people from engaging in unlawful activities and resolve disputes in a fair and consistent manner.

2. Ensuring Social Stability: Hammurabi's Code was also designed to ensure social stability within the Babylonian society. The laws addressed various aspects of daily life, including family matters, property rights, trade, and labor. By regulating these areas, the code aimed to promote economic prosperity, protect individual rights, and maintain social cohesion.

3. Consolidating Royal Authority: Another purpose of Hammurabi's Code was to consolidate the authority of the Babylonian king. The code prominently displayed Hammurabi's name and emphasized his role as the ultimate lawgiver. By establishing a comprehensive legal system, Hammurabi sought to assert his authority and present himself as a just and wise ruler.

4. Reflecting Religious and Moral Values: Hammurabi's Code was influenced by religious and moral beliefs prevalent in ancient Mesopotamia. The laws were based on the concept of divine justice, where the gods were believed to play a role in enforcing the code. The code also reflected societal norms and values, such as the importance of family, honesty, and fairness.

5. Preserving Historical Records: Hammurabi's Code is considered one of the earliest known legal codes in human history. By inscribing the laws on a stele (a large stone pillar), Hammurabi ensured their preservation and dissemination. The code served as a historical record of the legal system and societal norms of ancient Babylon, providing valuable insights into the culture and governance of that time.

In summary, the laws of Hammurabi's Code were created with the aim of establishing order, ensuring justice, maintaining social stability, consolidating royal authority, reflecting religious and moral values, and preserving historical records. The code played a significant role in shaping the legal systems that followed and continues to be studied for its historical and cultural significance.