Question

Какое мероприятие по укреплению системы государственного управления было осуществлено в 1775 г. правительством Екатерины II? обсуждение и принятие Жалованной грамоты городам, закреплявшей сословную структуру «градского общества» губернская реформа, сосредоточившая все властные полномочия на местах в руках генерал-губернатора исполнение указа по закреплению права помещиков на крестьян в Западной и Южной Сибири секуляризация церковного и монастырского землевладения с передачей монастырских крестьян под управление Коллегии экономии

Answer 1

Ответ:

губернская реформа, сосредоточившая все властные полномочия на местах в руках генерал-губернатора

Объяснение:

Answer 2

The event that took place in 1775 under the government of Catherine II to strengthen the system of state governance was the enactment and discussion of several reforms. These reforms aimed to consolidate power and authority in the hands of the central government and to restructure the social and administrative systems in the Russian Empire.

Manifesto to the Cities (Жалованная грамота городам)

One of the significant reforms implemented during this period was the Manifesto to the Cities, which was enacted in 1775. This manifesto aimed to establish a hierarchical social structure within urban communities and solidify the social order. It defined the social status and privileges of different social groups within the cities, known as the "urban society" or "gradskoye obshchestvo" in Russian. The manifesto aimed to maintain social stability and reinforce the authority of the central government [[1]].

Gubernatorial Reform (губернская реформа)

Another important reform carried out during Catherine II's reign was the Gubernatorial Reform. This reform concentrated all administrative powers in the hands of the general-governor (gen-gubernator) appointed by the central government. The general-governor became the highest-ranking official in each province (guberniya) and had extensive authority over local governance, including law enforcement, taxation, and economic matters. This reform aimed to streamline the administrative structure and enhance the central government's control over the regions [[2]].

Peasant Reform in Western and Southern Siberia (исполнение указа по закреплению права помещиков на крестьян в Западной и Южной Сибири)

In 1775, Catherine II's government also implemented a reform related to the rights of landowners (pomeshchiki) and peasants in Western and Southern Siberia. This reform aimed to solidify the rights of landowners over the peasants working on their lands. It involved the enforcement of an imperial decree that granted landowners the right to own and control the peasants as part of their estates. This reform further strengthened the power and authority of the landowning class in these regions [[3]].

Secularization of Church and Monastic Lands (секуляризация церковного и монастырского землевладения)

During Catherine II's reign, the government carried out the secularization of church and monastic lands. This reform involved transferring the ownership and control of lands previously owned by the church and monasteries to the state. The lands were then placed under the management of the Collegium of Economy (Kollegiya Ekonomii), a government institution responsible for economic affairs. This reform aimed to centralize control over land resources and reduce the influence of the church in economic matters [[4]].

These reforms implemented by Catherine II's government in 1775 aimed to consolidate power, streamline governance, and solidify the social and administrative structures in the Russian Empire. They were part of a broader series of reforms carried out during Catherine II's reign, known as the "Catherinean Reforms," which aimed to modernize and strengthen the Russian state [[5]].