Question

Прорахунки і досягнення п‘ятирічок!!!!!!!

Answer 1

П'ятирічний план щодо розвитку національної економіки Радянського Союзу (СРСР), також п'ятирічки — централізовані державні перспективні плани, які були спрямовані на розвиток економіки, техніки, науки, освіти та культури в СРСР на 5 років. За Сталіна п'ятирічки мали юридичну силу закону, робилися великі зусилля й вживалися різні примусові засоби, щоб їх виконувати, а щорічні плани спочатку звалися лише «контрольними числами» і тільки деякі з них (наприклад, 1921 і 1937) оформлювалися як державні закони. Від 1957, навпаки, п'ятирічки стали зватися «контрольними числами», що вживаються тільки для орієнтації та побудови щорічних планів, а обов'язковими до виконання планами-законами стали щорічні плани.

Answer 2

Prorakhunky i dosyagnennya pyatyrichok (Calculations and Achievements of Five-Year Plans)

The Five-Year Plans were a series of centralized economic plans implemented in the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1991. These plans aimed to rapidly industrialize the country and transform it into a major industrial power. The plans were divided into five-year periods, and each plan set specific targets for industrial production, agriculture, and other sectors of the economy.

First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932): - The main goal of the First Five-Year Plan was to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and catch up with the industrialized nations of the West. - The plan focused on heavy industry, such as coal, iron, and steel production, as well as the development of infrastructure, including railways and power plants. - The plan was successful in achieving its targets, with industrial production increasing significantly during this period. - However, the plan also had negative consequences, such as food shortages and a decline in agricultural production.

Second Five-Year Plan (1933-1937): - The Second Five-Year Plan aimed to continue the industrialization process and further develop heavy industry. - The plan also emphasized the production of consumer goods and improvements in living standards. - The plan achieved significant growth in industrial production, particularly in sectors such as machinery, chemicals, and electrical equipment. - However, the plan faced challenges due to the Great Depression and the need to allocate resources for defense purposes.

Third Five-Year Plan (1938-1941): - The Third Five-Year Plan was cut short due to the outbreak of World War II in 1939. - The plan focused on defense production and the rearmament of the Soviet military. - Despite the limited time frame, the plan achieved some success in increasing defense production.

Fourth Five-Year Plan (1946-1950): - The Fourth Five-Year Plan aimed to rebuild the Soviet economy after the devastation of World War II. - The plan focused on the reconstruction of industry, agriculture, and infrastructure. - The plan achieved significant growth in industrial production, particularly in sectors such as coal, steel, and machinery.

Fifth Five-Year Plan (1951-1955): - The Fifth Five-Year Plan aimed to continue the economic recovery and further develop industry and agriculture. - The plan focused on increasing the production of consumer goods and improving living standards. - The plan achieved significant growth in industrial production, particularly in sectors such as chemicals, machinery, and consumer goods.

Overall Achievements: - The Five-Year Plans played a crucial role in transforming the Soviet Union into an industrial powerhouse. - The plans led to significant growth in industrial production, particularly in heavy industry sectors. - However, the plans also had negative consequences, such as food shortages and neglect of agriculture. - The achievements of the Five-Year Plans varied across different periods and sectors, with some plans being more successful than others.