Question

СРОООЧНО!!!! Порівняти абсолютну монархію з парламентською монархією в Англії 17ст. та порівняти права парламенту в цих монархіях​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Абсолютна монархія (від лат. absolutus — самодержавство, абсолютизм) — різновид монархічної форми правління, близької до диктатури, при якій вся повнота державної (законодавчої, виконавчої, судової, військової), а іноді й духовної (релігійної) влади знаходиться в руках монарха. Політичний режим абсолютної монархії пов'язаний з встановленням контролю над усіма сферами життя суспільства; при цьому поняття «абсолютної» («необмеженої») монархії умовно, оскільки можливості монарха обмежені розміром і якістю бюрократичного апарату, амбіціями церкви й талантом.

У вузькому, суворо науковому сенсі поняття «абсолютна монархія» збігається з поняттям абсолютизму та означає державний лад в країнах Західної Європи на пізньому етапі.

Теоретично, абсолютний монарх здійснює всю владу, але практично, монархія врівноважується політичними групами з числа соціальних класів і каст, як-от аристократія, духовенство, середніх і нижчих класів населення.

Деякі монархії мають слабкі (символічні) законодавчі та інші урядові органи, які монарх може змінювати або розпускати за власним бажанням. Країнами, де монарх досі зберігає абсолютну владу є: Бруней[1], Катар[2], Оман[3], Саудівська Аравія[4], Есватіні[5], ОАЕ[6] і Ватикан[7].

Answer 2

Comparison of Absolute Monarchy and Parliamentary Monarchy in 17th Century England

In the 17th century, England experienced both absolute monarchy and parliamentary monarchy. Let's compare these two forms of government and examine the rights of the parliament in these monarchies.

Absolute Monarchy: In an absolute monarchy, the monarch holds supreme authority and has absolute power over the government and the people. The monarch's power is not limited by any constitution or laws, and they have the final say in all matters of governance. The monarch exercises control over the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

During the 17th century, England witnessed the reign of absolute monarchs such as James I and Charles I. These monarchs believed in the divine right of kings, which asserted that their authority to rule came directly from God and was not subject to any earthly limitations.

Parliamentary Monarchy: In a parliamentary monarchy, the monarch's power is limited by a constitution or laws, and the government is run by elected representatives who form the parliament. The monarch serves as the head of state, while the parliament holds the power to make laws and govern the country.

In 17th century England, the parliamentary monarchy was established through a series of events, including the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution. These events led to the development of a constitutional monarchy, where the power of the monarch was curtailed, and the parliament gained significant influence.

Rights of the Parliament: In absolute monarchy, the parliament has little to no power, as the monarch holds all authority. The monarch makes decisions without consulting or seeking approval from the parliament. The parliament's role is limited to advising the monarch, but their advice is not binding.

In contrast, in a parliamentary monarchy like 17th century England, the parliament has significant rights and powers. These include:

1. Legislative Power: The parliament has the authority to make laws and pass legislation. The monarch cannot enact laws without the parliament's approval.

2. Financial Control: The parliament has the power to control taxation and the allocation of funds. The monarch cannot impose taxes or spend money without the parliament's consent.

3. Approval of Policies: The parliament has the right to approve or reject the policies proposed by the monarch. This ensures that the government's decisions are made collectively and reflect the will of the people.

4. Representation: The parliament represents the interests of the people and acts as a voice for their concerns. Members of parliament are elected by the people and are accountable to them.

5. Checks and Balances: The parliament serves as a check on the monarch's power, ensuring that the government operates within the limits set by the constitution or laws.

It is important to note that the extent of the parliament's rights and powers in a parliamentary monarchy can vary depending on the specific constitution or laws in place at the time.

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