Question

СРОООЧНО Зіставити організацію суспільства (соціальну стратифікацію) і влади (державний устрій) у руських удільних князівствах, Кримському ханстві, Великому князівстві Литовському та Королівстві Польському в XV ст. (зробити таблицю).

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

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Answer 2

Social Stratification and Political Structure in Russian Principalities, the Crimean Khanate, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland in the 15th Century

To compare the social stratification and political structure in the Russian principalities, the Crimean Khanate, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland in the 15th century, we can create a table to highlight the key aspects of each society.

| Aspect | Russian Principalities | Crimean Khanate | Grand Duchy of Lithuania | Kingdom of Poland | |------------------------|------------------------|-----------------|--------------------------|-------------------| | Social Stratification | | | | | | Political Structure | | | | |

Let's now examine each aspect in more detail.

Social Stratification

Russian Principalities: In the Russian principalities, society was divided into several social classes. At the top were the ruling princes and their families, followed by the boyars (nobles) who held significant political and economic power. The majority of the population consisted of peasants, who were tied to the land and obligated to provide labor and tribute to the ruling elite. Social mobility was limited, and the gap between the ruling elite and the peasantry was significant.

Crimean Khanate: The Crimean Khanate was a Turkic state that emerged in the 15th century. Its society was organized into a hierarchical structure, with the ruling Khan and his family at the top. Below them were the nobility, known as the beys, who held positions of power and influence. The majority of the population consisted of the Tatar people, who were primarily engaged in agriculture and trade. Slavery was also prevalent in the Crimean Khanate, with many slaves being captured during military campaigns.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a multi-ethnic state that encompassed a significant part of Eastern Europe. Its society was characterized by a complex social structure. At the top were the ruling elite, including the Grand Duke and the Lithuanian nobility. Below them were the boyars, who held administrative positions. The majority of the population consisted of peasants, who were bound to the land and subject to various obligations. Social mobility was possible, but it was generally limited to the nobility.

Kingdom of Poland: The Kingdom of Poland had a feudal social structure, with a clear division between the ruling elite and the peasantry. At the top were the king and the nobility, known as the szlachta, who held significant political and economic power. The majority of the population consisted of peasants, who were tied to the land and subject to the authority of the nobility. Social mobility was limited, and the nobility enjoyed privileges and exemptions from certain obligations.

Political Structure

Russian Principalities: The Russian principalities were characterized by a fragmented political structure. Each principality had its own ruling prince, who exercised authority over a specific territory. The princes often engaged in power struggles and conflicts with each other. The Mongol-Tatar domination, known as the Golden Horde, also exerted influence over the Russian principalities during this period.

Crimean Khanate: The Crimean Khanate was a semi-independent state that was initially a vassal of the Golden Horde. It had its own political structure, with the Khan as the supreme ruler. The Khanate had a council of nobles, known as the Divan, which advised the Khan on important matters. The Khanate was also involved in various alliances and conflicts with neighboring powers, including the Russian principalities and the Ottoman Empire.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania had a centralized political structure, with the Grand Duke as the supreme ruler. The Grand Duke held significant power and was assisted by various administrative institutions. The nobility played a crucial role in the governance of the Grand Duchy, with the Council of Lords (the Lithuanian nobility) having considerable influence. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania also had a complex relationship with the Polish Kingdom, as the two entities were united through a personal union.

Kingdom of Poland: The Kingdom of Poland had a centralized political structure, with the king as the supreme ruler. The king held significant power and was advised by various institutions, including the Senate and the Sejm (parliament). The nobility, particularly the szlachta, played a crucial role in the political system, as they had the right to participate in the Sejm and influence decision-making processes. The Kingdom of Poland also had a complex relationship with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as the two entities were united through a personal union.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and may not cover all aspects of social stratification and political structure in the mentioned regions during the 15th century.