Question

Всесвітня Історія 9 клас. 60 балов помогите пожалуйста Чому саме в середині 20-х рр. XIX ст. Латинська Америка змогла звільнитися від колоніального панування? Які чинники були вирішальними: внутрішні чи зовнішні?

Answer 1

Латинська Америка змогла звільнитися від колоніального панування завдяки сукупності внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів. Внутрішньо населення Латинської Америки зростало невдоволення економічним і політичним гнітом колоніального панування. Це невдоволення ще більше підігрівалося епохою Просвітництва та ідеалами свободи та самовизначення, які вона пропагувала. Крім того, війни за незалежність, які велися в Європі, стали моделлю для наслідування латиноамериканцями.

Ззовні ослаблення Іспанської та Португальської імперій через наполеонівські війни дало можливість країнам Латинської Америки здобути незалежність. Революції в Сполучених Штатах і на Гаїті також надихнули латиноамериканців на боротьбу за власну свободу.

Загалом поєднання внутрішніх і зовнішніх факторів було вирішальним у здатності Латинської Америки звільнитися від колоніального панування.

Answer 2

Latin America's Liberation from Colonial Rule in the Mid-19th Century

The liberation of Latin America from colonial rule in the mid-19th century was a complex process influenced by both internal and external factors. Latin American countries were able to break free from colonial domination primarily due to a combination of internal struggles for independence and external geopolitical changes.

Internal Factors:

1. Enlightenment Ideas and Nationalism: The ideas of the Enlightenment, which emphasized individual rights, equality, and self-determination, had a significant impact on Latin American intellectuals and leaders. These ideas inspired a sense of nationalism and a desire for independence among the people of Latin America.

2. Creole Elite and Bourgeoisie: The Creole elite, who were of European descent but born in the colonies, played a crucial role in leading the independence movements. They were motivated by a desire for political power and economic control, as well as a sense of national identity.

3. Social and Economic Inequalities: The colonial system in Latin America was characterized by social and economic inequalities, with the majority of the population being indigenous or of African descent and facing discrimination and exploitation. These inequalities fueled discontent and resistance against colonial rule.

4. Leadership and Revolutionary Movements: The emergence of charismatic leaders, such as Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, provided strong leadership for the independence movements. These leaders organized revolutionary movements and military campaigns to challenge colonial authority.

External Factors:

1. Napoleonic Wars and European Instability: The Napoleonic Wars in Europe weakened the colonial powers, particularly Spain and Portugal, which were occupied by French forces. This created an opportunity for Latin American colonies to assert their independence while the colonial powers were preoccupied with internal conflicts.

2. Influence of the United States: The United States, which had gained its independence from Britain in the late 18th century, served as a source of inspiration for Latin American independence movements. The success of the American Revolution demonstrated that colonies could successfully break free from colonial rule.

3. Support from Britain: Britain, as a major global power, had economic interests in Latin America and supported the independence movements. British merchants saw potential economic benefits in trading with independent Latin American nations, leading them to provide financial and logistical support to the independence movements.

4. Geopolitical Shifts: The geopolitical landscape of the early 19th century saw a decline in the power and influence of the colonial powers. The rise of new global powers, such as the United States, and the weakening of traditional colonial powers created an environment conducive to the liberation of Latin America.

In conclusion, the liberation of Latin America from colonial rule in the mid-19th century was a result of a combination of internal factors, such as the influence of Enlightenment ideas, the role of the Creole elite, and social inequalities, as well as external factors, including the Napoleonic Wars, the influence of the United States, support from Britain, and geopolitical shifts. These factors collectively contributed to the successful liberation of Latin America from colonial domination.

[[1]]