Question

Административно-территориальные реформы в Казахстане во второй половине XIX века как происходило и что изменилось? Дайте развернутый ответ, срочнооооо пжж​ у нас сорр. Даю лучший ответтт

Answer 1

Ответ:

Вторую половину девятнадцатого столетия в Российской империи называют временем великих реформ. В течение только одного десятилетия – с 1860 по 1870 год – страна пережила кардинальные изменения. Так, было отменено крепостное право, провели финансовую, земскую, судебную реформы, реформу городского самоуправления, военную реформу

Объяснение:

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Answer 2

Administrative-Territorial Reforms in Kazakhstan in the Second Half of the 19th Century

In the second half of the 19th century, Kazakhstan underwent significant administrative-territorial reforms. These reforms were implemented by the Russian Empire, which had expanded its influence and control over the region during that time. The reforms aimed to establish a more centralized administrative structure and bring the region under tighter control of the Russian government.

1. Background: Before the reforms, Kazakhstan was a vast and sparsely populated territory, inhabited by various nomadic tribes and clans. The region had a decentralized system of governance, with local tribal leaders exercising authority over their respective territories.

2. Implementation of Reforms: The administrative-territorial reforms in Kazakhstan were carried out in several stages:

- 1867-1868: The first stage of the reforms involved the establishment of a new administrative unit called the "Governorate-General of the Steppes" (Генерал-губернаторство степей). This new administrative division encompassed the territories of present-day Kazakhstan and parts of neighboring regions.

- 1874-1875: The second stage of reforms saw the creation of several provinces within the Governorate-General of the Steppes. These provinces included Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Semirechye, and Uralsk.

- 1881-1882: In the third stage, further subdivisions were made within the provinces, resulting in the establishment of districts (uyezds) and volosts (smaller administrative units within districts).

3. Changes and Impact: The administrative-territorial reforms in Kazakhstan brought about several significant changes:

- Centralized Administration: The reforms aimed to establish a more centralized administrative structure, with the Russian government exerting greater control over the region. This led to the appointment of Russian officials to key administrative positions and the introduction of Russian laws and regulations.

- Land Ownership and Redistribution: As part of the reforms, the Russian government implemented policies to regulate land ownership and redistribute land among the local population. This had a profound impact on the traditional nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh people, as it introduced the concept of private land ownership and restricted their traditional grazing areas.

- Economic Development: The reforms also aimed to promote economic development in the region. The Russian government encouraged the settlement of Russian and Ukrainian peasants in Kazakhstan, leading to the establishment of agricultural settlements and the cultivation of previously unused land.

- Education and Infrastructure: The reforms brought improvements in education and infrastructure. Schools were established, and efforts were made to introduce the Russian language and culture. Additionally, roads, railways, and telegraph lines were constructed, connecting different parts of the region and facilitating trade and communication.

4. Conclusion: The administrative-territorial reforms in Kazakhstan in the second half of the 19th century aimed to establish a more centralized administrative structure, bring the region under tighter control of the Russian government, and promote economic development. These reforms had a profound impact on the traditional nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh people, introduced new concepts of land ownership, and brought improvements in education, infrastructure, and governance.

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