Question

ПОМОГИТЕЕЕЕЕ ПЖПЖПЖПЖЖП1!!!11! Прокоментуйте думку: «То були жахливі часи: спалення протестантів Марією «Кривавою» в Англії, революція в Нідерландах, панування іспанської інквізиції, Варфоломіївська ніч, селянська війна в Німеччині. Кров рікою текла в Європі. Середньовіччя та й Ренесанс були не найкращими епохами в історії людства. Але такого правителя як Грозний, світ ще не бачив». Поясніть підстави виникнення такої думки. Доведіть або спростуйте твердження автора.

Answer 1

Ответ: Думка автора підтверджує існування жорстокості та насильства в історії Європи та світу в цілому, а також відзначає велику роль правителя в цьому контексті.

Проте, можна зазначити, що відносно оцінки Ренесансу наведене твердження є спростованим. Ренесанс не тільки носив формальний, естетичний характер, а й мав великий імпульс у соціальному, науковому, філософському, культурному і політичному розвитку Європи.

Щодо відношення до Грозного, то, незважаючи на його відомі жорстокість та насильство, така оцінка може бути більш уточненою. Варто звернути увагу на наслідки його правління та поведінки Івана Грозного у суспільстві, які несприятливо вплинули на економіку, політику та культуру Росії у той час.

Отже, можна зробити висновок, що думка автора є відображенням трагічного періоду в історії Європи, але потребує відносної віддачі, щодо оцінки Ренесансу та Грозного.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

The Author's Opinion: "Those were terrible times: the burning of Protestants by Bloody Mary in England, the revolution in the Netherlands, the reign of the Spanish Inquisition, the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, the peasant war in Germany. Blood flowed in Europe. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance were not the best epochs in human history. But the world has never seen a ruler like Ivan the Terrible."

The author expresses the opinion that the time period mentioned was characterized by horrific events such as the burning of Protestants, revolutions, the Spanish Inquisition, massacres, and wars. They argue that the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were not the best epochs in human history, but that Ivan the Terrible was an exceptional ruler.

Explanation of the Author's Opinion:

To evaluate the author's opinion and determine the basis for their claim, let's examine the historical events mentioned:

1. Burning of Protestants by Bloody Mary in England: This refers to the religious persecution of Protestants during the reign of Queen Mary I of England (1553-1558). Mary I, also known as "Bloody Mary," sought to restore Catholicism as the official religion and executed numerous Protestants. This event is historically significant and is well-documented [[1]].

2. Revolution in the Netherlands: This likely refers to the Dutch Revolt (1568-1648), a conflict between the Dutch provinces and the Spanish Empire. The revolt was driven by political, religious, and economic factors, and it ultimately led to the establishment of an independent Dutch Republic. The Dutch Revolt had a profound impact on European history [[2]].

3. Reign of the Spanish Inquisition: The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Its purpose was to maintain religious orthodoxy and suppress heresy. The Inquisition was known for its harsh methods, including torture and execution. While it primarily targeted Jews and Muslims, it also persecuted Protestants and other dissenters. The Spanish Inquisition had a significant impact on Spain and its territories [[3]].

4. St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: This refers to the massacre of Protestant Huguenots in Paris and other French cities in 1572. The massacre was initiated by the Catholic authorities and resulted in the deaths of thousands of Huguenots. It was a pivotal event in the French Wars of Religion and had a lasting impact on French society [[4]].

5. Peasant war in Germany: This likely refers to the German Peasants' War (1524-1525), a widespread revolt by peasants against their feudal lords and the established order. The war was fueled by social, economic, and religious grievances. While the revolt was ultimately suppressed, it highlighted the social tensions and inequalities of the time [[5]].

Based on these historical events, it is evident that the author's claim about the terrible times during the mentioned period is supported by historical evidence. The burning of Protestants, revolutions, the Spanish Inquisition, massacres, and peasant wars were indeed significant and violent events that caused suffering and loss of life.

However, the author's statement that "the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were not the best epochs in human history" is subjective and open to interpretation. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance were complex periods with both positive and negative aspects. They witnessed advancements in art, literature, science, and exploration, but also experienced social, political, and religious conflicts. Evaluating the overall significance and impact of these epochs requires a nuanced understanding of their historical context.

Regarding the claim that "the world has never seen a ruler like Ivan the Terrible," it is important to note that Ivan IV of Russia, also known as Ivan the Terrible, ruled from 1547 to 1584. Ivan's reign was marked by significant political and military achievements, but also by his brutal and tyrannical methods of governance. While Ivan's rule had a lasting impact on Russia, it is debatable whether he was the most exceptional ruler the world has ever seen, as there have been numerous rulers throughout history with varying degrees of influence and notoriety.

In conclusion, the author's opinion about the terrible times during the mentioned period is supported by historical events. However, the assessment of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance as not being the best epochs in human history and the claim about Ivan the Terrible being an unparalleled ruler are subjective and open to interpretation.