Question

Для провідних країн світу (США, Англії, Франції) у міжвоєнний період (1919-1939 рр.) характерне: А утвердження економічної стабільності та відсутність економічних криз Б скасування елементів державного регулювання і втручання в економічні процеси В поширення робітничих рухів та розвиток соціального законодавства (8-год.робочий день, право на пенсії, відпустки тощо) Г надання незалежності усім своїм колоніям

Answer 1

Відповідь: А утвердження економічної стабільності та відсутність економічних криз.

Answer 2

Economic Stability and Absence of Economic Crises

During the interwar period (1919-1939), leading countries such as the United States, England, and France did not experience a continuous period of economic stability. Instead, they faced various economic challenges and crises. For example, the Great Depression, which began with the Wall Street Crash in 1929, had a significant impact on the global economy, including these countries. The Great Depression led to high unemployment rates, bank failures, and a decline in industrial production [[1]].

Abolition of State Regulation and Intervention in Economic Processes

Contrary to the claim, the interwar period saw an increase in state regulation and intervention in economic processes. Governments implemented various policies to address the economic challenges they faced. For instance, in the United States, President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal, a series of programs and reforms aimed at stimulating economic recovery and providing relief to those affected by the Great Depression. The New Deal involved significant government intervention in the economy through measures such as public works projects, financial regulations, and social welfare programs [[2]].

Similarly, in England, the government implemented policies to address the economic crisis. The British government introduced measures to protect domestic industries, regulate trade, and provide social welfare benefits. These policies aimed to stabilize the economy and mitigate the impact of the Great Depression [[3]].

In France, the government also intervened in the economy to address the economic challenges of the interwar period. The French government implemented protectionist measures to support domestic industries, introduced social welfare programs, and regulated labor relations. These interventions aimed to stabilize the economy and protect French industries from foreign competition [[4]].

Expansion of Workers' Movements and Development of Social Legislation

The interwar period witnessed the expansion of workers' movements and the development of social legislation in many countries, including the United States, England, and France. Workers' movements advocated for better working conditions, higher wages, and improved social protections.

In the United States, the labor movement gained strength during this period. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized strikes and campaigns for workers' rights. The government responded to these movements by enacting labor laws, such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, which established a minimum wage, maximum working hours, and child labor regulations [[5]].

Similarly, in England, the interwar period saw the growth of trade unions and the development of social legislation. The Trade Union Act of 1926 provided legal recognition and protection for trade unions, and the government introduced social welfare programs, including unemployment benefits and health insurance [[6]].

In France, workers' movements also gained momentum during the interwar period. The General Confederation of Labor (CGT) organized strikes and protests to demand better working conditions and social protections. The government responded by enacting labor laws, such as the Matignon Agreements of 1936, which established the 40-hour workweek and guaranteed paid vacations [[7]].

Granting Independence to Colonies

During the interwar period, there were significant changes in the status of colonies. However, it is important to note that not all colonies gained independence during this time. The process of decolonization occurred more prominently after World War II.

Some colonies did experience movements towards independence during the interwar period. For example, in India, the Indian National Congress led by Mahatma Gandhi advocated for independence from British rule. However, India did not achieve full independence until 1947, after World War II.

Similarly, in Africa, there were movements for independence, but most African countries did not gain independence until the 1950s and 1960s.

In conclusion, the claim that leading countries during the interwar period (1919-1939) experienced economic stability, abolished state regulation and intervention, developed workers' movements and social legislation, and granted independence to all their colonies is not accurate. The interwar period was marked by economic challenges, increased state intervention, the growth of workers' movements, and the beginning of decolonization movements.