Question

Доведіть шо Марія та Йосип 2 були прибічниками політики "освіченого абсолютизму" Докажите, что Мария Терезия и Иосиф II были сторонниками политики "просвещенного абсолютизма"Будь ласка ,допоможіть ,дуже потрібна допомога ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

І Марія, і Йосип II були прихильниками політики «освіченого абсолютизму». Це була політика, спрямована на поєднання освіченого правління з абсолютною монархією, де монарх мав контроль над усіма аспектами уряду. Марія та Йосиф II прагнули реформувати та модернізувати Австрійську імперію, запровадивши освітні реформи, такі як обов’язкова освіта для всіх дітей, і запровадивши релігійну терпимість. Вони також прагнули зміцнити владу монархії шляхом централізації управління та обмеження повноважень дворянства. Ці реформи мали на меті допомогти створити більш ефективну державу з кращим освіченим населенням, що, у свою чергу, допомогло б зміцнити їхні позиції як абсолютних монархів.

Answer 2

Maria Theresa and Joseph II as Supporters of Enlightened Absolutism

Maria Theresa and Joseph II, who were rulers of the Habsburg Monarchy in the 18th century, are often considered proponents of enlightened absolutism. Enlightened absolutism was a political ideology that aimed to combine the principles of the Enlightenment with the absolute power of the monarch. It sought to implement reforms and promote the welfare of the state and its subjects while maintaining the authority of the ruler.

Maria Theresa (1717-1780) became the ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1740. She inherited a state that faced significant challenges, including territorial disputes and financial difficulties. Despite these challenges, Maria Theresa implemented several reforms that reflected the principles of enlightened absolutism.

One of Maria Theresa's notable reforms was in the field of education. She established compulsory primary education for both boys and girls, aiming to provide basic literacy and numeracy skills to her subjects. This emphasis on education was in line with the Enlightenment belief in the importance of knowledge and reason.

Maria Theresa also implemented reforms in the legal system, aiming to create a more just and efficient administration of justice. She introduced a unified legal code, known as the "Theresianum," which aimed to ensure equal treatment under the law for all subjects.

Furthermore, Maria Theresa implemented economic reforms to improve the welfare of her subjects. She promoted agricultural improvements, encouraged trade and industry, and introduced measures to alleviate poverty. These reforms aimed to stimulate economic growth and improve the living conditions of the population.

Joseph II (1741-1790), the son and successor of Maria Theresa, continued and expanded upon his mother's reforms. He is often regarded as one of the most radical proponents of enlightened absolutism.

Joseph II implemented a wide range of reforms aimed at modernizing the Habsburg Monarchy and promoting the welfare of its subjects. He introduced religious toleration, abolished serfdom, and implemented measures to improve the conditions of the peasantry. Joseph II also sought to centralize the administration and reduce the power of the nobility, aiming to create a more efficient and equitable state.

In the field of education, Joseph II expanded upon his mother's reforms by establishing a comprehensive system of state-controlled schools. He aimed to provide education to all social classes, emphasizing practical skills and civic education.

Joseph II also implemented reforms in the legal system, aiming to ensure equal treatment under the law and improve access to justice. He introduced measures to simplify legal procedures and increase transparency in the administration of justice.

However, it is important to note that while Maria Theresa and Joseph II implemented reforms that reflected the principles of enlightened absolutism, their policies were not without limitations and criticisms. Some of their reforms faced opposition from conservative forces, and the extent to which they were able to fully implement their vision of enlightened absolutism varied.

In conclusion, Maria Theresa and Joseph II can be considered as supporters of enlightened absolutism due to their implementation of various reforms aimed at improving the welfare of their subjects, promoting education, and modernizing the state. Their policies reflected the influence of Enlightenment ideas and aimed to combine enlightened principles with absolute monarchical power.

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