Question

Почему Август отказался от попыток завоеваний на Востоке. Чем закончилось противостояние между Парфией и Римом. кого римляне называли варварами. –Что помогло одержать германцам верх над римскими войсками. 3. Как жили германцы и чем они занимались. Как выбирали вождя племени и как карали провинившихся. 4 Что известно о предках славян. Подведение итогов урока. --- Покажите на карте территорию Римской империи в период ее расцвета. Найдите границы империи –римско-парфянскую и римско-германскую. Какие известные вам древние народы и страны оказались под властью римлян.

Answer 1

Ответ:

1. Попытка оказалась провалом, потому что они не подумали как следует свое решение.

2. Римляне хотели ВЕСЬ мир, до которого могут дотянуться. Парфянам просто не оставалось выбора. Первыми ведь атаковали римляне.

3. Варвары ( чужеземцы) — у древних греков и римлян это слово обозначало людей, говорящих на непонятном им языке

4. командующий вёл себя беспечно- он не ожидал нападения.

5. проблемы со снабжением, война Рима с германцами была попросту невыгодна самим римлянам, У римлян все еще мог бы найтись новый амбициозный вождь,который покорил бы Германию

6. франские государства: король-суд-графы-дружины-крестьяне- рабы и колоны

германские государства: мужчины- собрание(мужчины собирали вождя)- вождь(военный предводитель)

Answer 2

Augustus and the Eastern Conquests

Augustus, the first Roman emperor, initially pursued a policy of expansion in the east. However, he eventually abandoned his attempts to conquer the east due to a combination of factors. One reason was the difficulty of maintaining control over vast territories and the logistical challenges of governing distant regions. Another factor was the resistance and military strength of the Parthian Empire, which posed a significant threat to Roman expansion in the east. Additionally, Augustus may have been influenced by the advice of his trusted advisor, Marcus Agrippa, who advocated for a more defensive strategy and consolidation of Roman power in the west [[1]].

The Conflict between Parthia and Rome

The conflict between Parthia and Rome lasted for several centuries and had various outcomes. The two empires engaged in multiple wars and conflicts, with neither side achieving a decisive victory. The Roman Empire, under various emperors, launched several military campaigns against Parthia in an attempt to expand its influence in the east. However, these campaigns often ended in stalemates or limited gains for both sides. The conflict finally came to an end with the Roman-Persian Peace Treaty of 244 AD, which established the Euphrates River as the boundary between the two empires [[2]].

Roman Perception of Barbarians

The Romans referred to various groups as "barbarians," a term used to describe non-Roman peoples who were considered culturally inferior. The Romans often used this term to refer to Germanic tribes, such as the Goths, Vandals, and Franks, who lived beyond the borders of the Roman Empire. The Romans viewed these tribes as uncivilized and lacking the sophistication and refinement of Roman culture [[3]].

Germanic Victories over the Romans

The Germanic tribes achieved several victories over the Roman Empire during the period of Roman decline. One significant event was the Battle of Adrianople in 378 AD, where the Visigoths defeated a Roman army, resulting in the death of the Roman Emperor Valens. This battle marked a turning point in the history of the Roman Empire and highlighted the increasing military strength of the Germanic tribes [[4]].

Germanic Lifestyle and Leadership

The Germanic tribes were primarily agricultural and pastoral societies. They engaged in farming, herding, hunting, and fishing for their livelihoods. The tribes were organized into small, decentralized communities led by chieftains or kings. The leader was chosen based on their ability to provide protection, maintain order, and lead the tribe in times of war. Germanic tribes also had a system of laws and punishments to deal with those who committed crimes or violated tribal customs [[5]].

Ancestry of the Slavs

The Slavs, an ethnic group that played a significant role in the history of Eastern Europe, have ancient roots. The exact origins of the Slavs are still a subject of debate among historians and scholars. However, it is believed that the Slavs emerged as a distinct ethnic group in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. They inhabited a vast territory stretching from Central Europe to the Balkans and eventually migrated further eastward [[6]].

Roman Empire at its Height

During its height, the Roman Empire encompassed a vast territory, extending from Britain in the northwest to Egypt in the southeast. It included most of continental Europe, parts of North Africa, and the Middle East. The empire was divided into several provinces, each governed by a Roman official. The Roman Empire had two major frontiers: the Roman-Persian frontier in the east, which marked the boundary between the Roman and Parthian/Persian Empires, and the Roman-Germanic frontier in the north, which separated the Roman Empire from various Germanic tribes [[7]].

Roman Conquests and Client States

The Roman Empire expanded through a combination of conquest and the establishment of client states. Some of the well-known ancient peoples and countries that came under Roman rule include Gaul (modern-day France), Britannia (Britain), Hispania (Spain), Dacia (Romania), Egypt, and parts of North Africa. These regions were either directly governed by Roman officials or were allowed a degree of autonomy as client states, paying tribute to Rome and providing military support when required [[8]].

Map of the Roman Empire

Unfortunately, as an AI text-based model, I cannot display images or maps. However, you can easily find maps of the Roman Empire at its height by conducting a quick search online. These maps will show you the territorial extent of the Roman Empire during its peak. You can also find maps depicting the Roman-Parthian and Roman-Germanic frontiers, which were significant borders of the Roman Empire [[9]].

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.