Question

Определите общее и отличительное в причинах восстания С .Датова и М . Утемисова Определите последствия восстания.Кенесары КасымовТри примера в организации сопротивленияТри примера в восстановлении независимости​

Answer 1

Ответ:

последствие-1. Непомерные налоги

2. Изъятие земель по "Уставу" 1822г, пришедшее к ухудшению условия хозяйства и скотоводства

3. Сохранение независимости не входивших в состав царской России земель Казахстана

4. Прекращение их колонизации империей с помощью постройки крепостей

Причины. Общее: земельный вопрос, потеря политической и экономической самостоятельности казахов. Различное: отношение к институту ханской власти, территориальный охват, Кенесары боролся против царской России и политики среднеазиатских ханств. Цели Общее: решение земельного вопроса, восстановление политической и экономической самостоятельности казахов. Различное: Кенесары – восстановление территориальной целостности, политической самостоятельности, суверенитета, государственности всего казахского народа. Сырым Датов – возврат земель Младшего жуза, ограничение власти хана.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Causes of the Uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova

The uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova, also known as the Uprising of 1916, was a significant event in the history of Kazakhstan. It was a response to the policies of the Russian Empire, which had imposed heavy taxes, conscription, and other burdens on the Kazakh population. The uprising was led by S. Datova and M. Utemisova, who were prominent figures in the Kazakh national liberation movement.

The uprising had both common and distinctive causes. Some of the common causes include:

1. Oppression and Exploitation: The Kazakh population faced oppression and exploitation under the Russian Empire. They were subjected to heavy taxes, forced labor, and land seizures, which led to widespread discontent among the Kazakh people.

2. National Identity: The Kazakh people had a strong sense of national identity and a desire for self-determination. They sought to protect their cultural heritage, language, and traditional way of life from assimilation by the Russian Empire.

3. Inequality and Discrimination: The Kazakh population faced social and economic inequality, as well as discrimination in education and employment opportunities. This further fueled their desire for change and resistance against the Russian Empire.

In addition to these common causes, there were also some distinctive factors that contributed to the uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova. These include:

1. Leadership: S. Datova and M. Utemisova played a crucial role in organizing and leading the uprising. They were influential figures in the Kazakh national liberation movement and inspired many Kazakhs to join the resistance against the Russian Empire.

2. Religious Factors: The uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova had strong religious undertones. The Kazakh population, predominantly Muslim, saw the Russian Empire's policies as a threat to their religious beliefs and practices. This religious aspect further motivated their participation in the uprising.

3. Regional Context: The uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova was primarily concentrated in the Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk regions of Kazakhstan. These regions had a history of resistance against Russian colonial rule, and the local population had a strong sense of regional identity and solidarity.

Consequences of the Uprising

The uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova had significant consequences for both the Kazakh population and the Russian Empire. Some of the consequences include:

1. Repression and Punishment: The Russian Empire responded to the uprising with a heavy-handed approach. The leaders of the uprising, including S. Datova and M. Utemisova, were arrested and sentenced to long prison terms. Many participants in the uprising were also arrested, imprisoned, or executed.

2. Suppression of Kazakh Nationalism: The Russian Empire intensified its efforts to suppress Kazakh nationalism and assimilate the Kazakh population into Russian culture. This included policies aimed at eradicating the Kazakh language, promoting Russian education, and restricting the practice of Kazakh traditions and customs.

3. Impact on Kazakh National Liberation Movement: The uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova had a lasting impact on the Kazakh national liberation movement. It served as a catalyst for further resistance against Russian colonial rule and inspired future generations of Kazakh nationalists to fight for independence.

Examples of Resistance Organizations

During the Uprising of S. Datova and M. Utemisova, several resistance organizations were formed to coordinate and carry out acts of resistance against the Russian Empire. Here are three examples:

1. Alash Orda: Alash Orda was a political organization founded in 1917 by Kazakh intellectuals and activists. It aimed to establish an autonomous Kazakh state within a federative Russian Republic. Alash Orda played a significant role in the Kazakh national liberation movement and advocated for the rights and interests of the Kazakh people.

2. Kokand Autonomy: In the aftermath of the uprising, some Kazakh leaders sought refuge in the Kokand Khanate, a neighboring Central Asian state. They established a temporary autonomous government known as the Kokand Autonomy, which aimed to provide a safe haven for Kazakh nationalists and continue the struggle for independence.

3. Kazakh Partisans: Kazakh partisans were guerrilla fighters who engaged in acts of sabotage and resistance against the Russian Empire. They operated in various regions of Kazakhstan and played a crucial role in disrupting Russian control and maintaining the spirit of resistance among the Kazakh population.

Examples of Independence Restoration

The restoration of independence for Kazakhstan was a gradual process that occurred over several decades. Here are three examples of significant milestones in the restoration of Kazakhstan's independence:

1. Declaration of Independence: On December 16, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR adopted a declaration of independence, officially establishing the Republic of Kazakhstan as an independent and sovereign state. This marked a crucial step towards restoring Kazakhstan's independence.

2. Constitutional Reforms: In the years following independence, Kazakhstan implemented significant constitutional reforms to strengthen its democratic institutions and establish the rule of law. The adoption of a new constitution in 1995 and subsequent amendments further solidified Kazakhstan's independence and provided a framework for governance.

3. International Recognition: The international recognition of Kazakhstan as an independent state played a vital role in the restoration of its independence. Kazakhstan gained recognition from various countries and became a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, further solidifying its status as an independent nation.

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