Question

Основу суспільства Месопотамії становили

Answer 1

Основу суспільства Месопотамії становили шумерські племена

Answer 2

The Basis of Mesopotamian Society

The basis of Mesopotamian society was multifaceted and encompassed various aspects of life, including political, economic, social, and religious elements. Mesopotamia, which means "land between rivers," refers to the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq.

Political Structure: Mesopotamia was divided into city-states, each with its own ruler or king. These city-states were independent entities with their own governments and laws. The king held significant power and was responsible for maintaining order, defending the city-state, and overseeing religious ceremonies. The political structure also included a bureaucracy to assist the king in governing the city-state.

Economic System: Agriculture formed the backbone of the Mesopotamian economy. The fertile soil provided by the rivers allowed for the cultivation of crops such as barley, wheat, and dates. Irrigation systems were developed to control the water supply and ensure successful farming. In addition to agriculture, trade played a crucial role in the economy. Mesopotamia was strategically located between different regions, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas.

Social Hierarchy: Mesopotamian society was hierarchical, with a clear division between different social classes. At the top of the social hierarchy were the ruling elite, including the king, nobles, and high-ranking officials. Below them were the free citizens, who were primarily farmers, artisans, and merchants. Slavery was also prevalent, with slaves serving in various capacities, including domestic work, agricultural labor, and as concubines.

Religion and Beliefs: Religion held a central place in Mesopotamian society. The Mesopotamians were polytheistic, worshiping a pantheon of gods and goddesses. They believed that these deities controlled various aspects of life, such as fertility, weather, and war. Temples were built to honor the gods, and priests played a crucial role in performing rituals and maintaining the connection between humans and the divine.

Education and Writing: Mesopotamia is often referred to as the birthplace of writing. The Mesopotamians developed one of the earliest known writing systems called cuneiform. Writing was primarily used for administrative purposes, record-keeping, and communication. Education was mainly reserved for the elite, with scribes receiving formal training in reading, writing, and mathematics.

In conclusion, the basis of Mesopotamian society was characterized by a complex political structure, an agricultural-based economy, a hierarchical social system, a strong religious belief system, and the development of early writing and education systems. These elements played a significant role in shaping the civilization of ancient Mesopotamia.