Question

Почему в итоги революций начала XX века. в Турции и Иране оказались ограниченными?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Ограниченный характер революции в Турции объяснялся слабостью социальных сил, которые выступали за буржуазный путь развития страны. Отрицательную роль играл и национализм младотурков, их идеи «пантюркизма» - сохранения единой и неделимой империи.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Limited Outcomes of Revolutions in Turkey and Iran in the Early 20th Century

The outcomes of the revolutions in Turkey and Iran in the early 20th century were limited due to several factors.

1. External Interference: One reason for the limited outcomes was the interference of external powers in the region. Both Turkey and Iran were subject to significant geopolitical pressures and interventions by foreign powers during this period. These interventions often aimed to protect their own interests and maintain control over the region.

2. Weak Institutions: Another factor that limited the outcomes of the revolutions was the weak institutional framework in both countries. The revolutions aimed to bring about significant political, social, and economic changes, but the existing institutions were not strong enough to support and sustain these changes. This led to a lack of stability and hindered the implementation of comprehensive reforms.

3. Internal Divisions: Internal divisions within the revolutionary movements also contributed to the limited outcomes. In both Turkey and Iran, there were different factions with varying goals and ideologies. These divisions often led to conflicts and power struggles, which diverted attention and resources away from the broader revolutionary objectives.

4. Resistance from Traditional Elites: The revolutions faced resistance from traditional elites who were reluctant to give up their privileges and power. These elites, including religious leaders, landowners, and military officials, often opposed the revolutionary changes and sought to maintain the status quo. Their resistance further hindered the implementation of comprehensive reforms.

5. Regional and Ethnic Challenges: Both Turkey and Iran faced significant regional and ethnic challenges that complicated the revolutionary processes. These challenges included separatist movements, ethnic tensions, and conflicts with neighboring countries. Dealing with these challenges diverted resources and attention away from the revolutionary goals, limiting the outcomes.

In conclusion, the limited outcomes of the revolutions in Turkey and Iran in the early 20th century can be attributed to external interference, weak institutions, internal divisions, resistance from traditional elites, and regional and ethnic challenges. These factors collectively hindered the implementation of comprehensive reforms and limited the transformative potential of the revolutions.