Question

Наведіть чотири аргументи на користь того, що економічна політика М. Хрущова була неефективною.

Answer 1

Ответ:

У доповіді на закритому засіданні М. Хрущов уперше розкрив страхітливі ... Спроба економічних та суспільних реформ була спрямована на виконання ...

Answer 2

The Ineffectiveness of Nikita Khrushchev's Economic Policies

Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, implemented several economic policies during his tenure. While some argue that Khrushchev's policies had positive effects on the Soviet economy, there are several arguments that suggest his economic policies were ineffective. Here are four arguments supporting the claim that Khrushchev's economic policies were ineffective:

1. Agricultural Reforms and the Virgin Lands Campaign: One of Khrushchev's major economic initiatives was the Virgin Lands Campaign, which aimed to increase agricultural production by cultivating previously unused land. However, this campaign faced several challenges and ultimately failed to achieve its intended goals. The rushed implementation of the campaign led to poor planning, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient resources, resulting in lower-than-expected yields and wastage of resources [[1]].

2. Centralized Planning and Inefficiency: Khrushchev's economic policies emphasized centralized planning and decision-making. While this approach aimed to streamline economic activities, it often led to inefficiencies and misallocation of resources. The lack of market mechanisms and competition hindered innovation and productivity growth. Additionally, the centralized planning system failed to respond effectively to changing consumer demands, resulting in shortages and surpluses of goods [[2]].

3. Investment in Heavy Industry at the Expense of Consumer Goods: Khrushchev prioritized investment in heavy industry, such as steel and machinery production, to compete with the United States in the arms race and showcase Soviet industrial might. However, this focus on heavy industry came at the expense of consumer goods production, leading to shortages and a decline in the standard of living for ordinary citizens. The lack of consumer goods availability and variety contributed to public dissatisfaction with Khrushchev's economic policies [[3]].

4. Inefficient Collective Farm System: Khrushchev's attempts to reform the collective farm system, known as kolkhozes, were largely ineffective. While he aimed to increase agricultural productivity and improve living conditions for collective farm workers, the reforms faced resistance from entrenched interests and bureaucratic obstacles. The lack of incentives and individual responsibility within the collective farm system hindered productivity and innovation, resulting in lower agricultural output [[4]].

These arguments highlight some of the reasons why Khrushchev's economic policies were considered ineffective. It is important to note that the assessment of economic policies can be subjective, and there are differing opinions on the impact of Khrushchev's economic reforms.