Question

Различия между караханидскими, кыпчакскими и найманскими странами

Answer 1

Ответ:

1) Караханиды - государство в Средней Азии. создано карлуками, кочевым народом состоящим из племён ягма и чигили (тюрки) и тухси (тюргеши) . в 766 карлуки завладели Семмииречьем, где и создали своё государство. в 840 джагбу карлуков принял титул кагана. в 1032 единый каганат распался на Западный (государство Караханидов, Мавераннахр и Западная Фергана) и Восточный (собственно карлуки, Талас, Семиречье, Кашгар, Восточная Фергана) . Восточный каганат завоёван в 1211 киданями, Западный уничтожен в 1212 последним хорезмшахом Мухаммедом.  

2) Огузы - тюрки Средней Азии, предки туркмен и азербайджанцев. в 991 создали обширное государство Сельджуков, к 1040 покорившее Мавераннахр, Хорасан, а к 1055 - Иран, Ирак, Закавказье, Сирию и почти всю Малую Азию. единое сельджукское государство распалось в 1157, отдельные их атабекства существовали до 1439, когда были окончательно уничтожены османами  

3)кыпчаки - телеутское (тюркское) племя, наследники Восточно-Тюркского каганат. после его гибели под названием сеяньто в 629 создали свой каганат на Алтае, после его разгрома в 646 от уйгуров под именем кыпчак откочевали на Запад и поселились на Алтае и Иртыше. после гибели Уйгурского каганта стали образующим племенем Кимакского каганата, а после его гибели в начале 11 века ушли на Запад дальше. на Руси стали известны как половцы, в Европе - куманы. предки современных казахов  

4)Найманы - входили в состав монгольского племени киданей. после гибели киданьского каганата в 1143 создали свой ханство в бассейне реки Или в Семиречье. ханство уничтожено монголами в 12Огузы тюркоязычные кочевники, предки турков, Азербайджан, туркменов и частично узбеков. Кыпчаки-половцы тюркские кочевники предки предки казахов (у казахов их кстати больше всех) , башкир и хакасов. Кыпчаки так же часто воевали с Русью но так же часто и дружили, против монгольского нашествия выступали в союзе с Русью.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Differences between Karakhanid, Kypchak, and Naiman States

The Karakhanid, Kypchak, and Naiman states were medieval Turkic empires that existed in different regions and time periods. Here are the key differences between these states:

1. Karakhanid State: The Karakhanid state was a Turkic Muslim dynasty that ruled over parts of Central Asia and Transoxiana from the 9th to the 12th century. Here are some key characteristics of the Karakhanid state:

- Location: The Karakhanid state was centered in the region of Transoxiana, which is present-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and parts of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. - Religion: The Karakhanids were followers of Sunni Islam and played a significant role in the spread of Islam in Central Asia. - Political Structure: The Karakhanid state was a feudal monarchy, with the ruler holding absolute power. The state was divided into several principalities ruled by local governors. - Economy: The Karakhanid state had a predominantly agrarian economy, with agriculture and trade being the main sources of wealth. - Cultural Influence: The Karakhanids had a significant cultural impact on Central Asia, particularly in the fields of literature, art, and architecture.

2. Kypchak State: The Kypchak state, also known as the Kipchak Khanate or the Golden Horde, was a Turkic-Mongol state that existed from the 13th to the 15th century. Here are some key characteristics of the Kypchak state:

- Location: The Kypchak state was initially centered in the region of the Pontic-Caspian steppe, which is present-day Ukraine, Russia, and Kazakhstan. It later expanded to include parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. - Political Structure: The Kypchak state was a confederation of Turkic and Mongol tribes, with a hierarchical political structure. The ruler, known as the Khan, held supreme authority, and the state was divided into several uluses (territories) ruled by local khans. - Religion: The Kypchak state was initially shamanistic, but later adopted Islam as its official religion. However, there was religious tolerance, and different religious communities coexisted. - Economy: The Kypchak state had a diverse economy, with nomadic pastoralism, agriculture, and trade being the main sources of livelihood. The state controlled important trade routes, which contributed to its wealth. - Cultural Influence: The Kypchak state had a significant cultural impact, blending Turkic, Mongol, and local traditions. It left a lasting legacy in the form of architecture, art, and literature.

3. Naiman State: The Naiman state was a Turkic-Mongol confederation that existed from the 10th to the 13th century. Here are some key characteristics of the Naiman state:

- Location: The Naiman state was located in the region of Central Asia, specifically in present-day Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and parts of China and Russia. - Political Structure: The Naiman state was a confederation of Turkic and Mongol tribes, with a decentralized political structure. The confederation was led by a Khan, and each tribe had its own leader. - Religion: The Naiman state practiced shamanism and Tengrism, which were the traditional religions of the Turkic and Mongol peoples. - Economy: The Naiman state had a predominantly nomadic pastoral economy, with animal husbandry being the primary source of livelihood. They also engaged in trade with neighboring states. - Cultural Influence: The Naiman state had a rich nomadic culture, with a focus on horsemanship, hunting, and traditional arts and crafts.

In summary, the Karakhanid, Kypchak, and Naiman states were distinct Turkic empires that existed in different regions and time periods. They differed in terms of their geographical locations, political structures, religious practices, economic activities, and cultural influences.

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