Question

Какую архитектуру принесли в Древнерусское государство из Византии? (именно названия) Если не знаете ответ, то и НЕ НАДО ПИСАТЬ ВСЯКУЮ ЕРУНДУ!!Заранее, Сасибо большое!)))

Answer 1

Византийское искусство, унаследовав громадный опыт художественного развития античности, выработало к X веку особый вид храма, чья композиция и выразительность стали образцами для архитектуры всей Восточной Европы. Это был так называемый крестово-купольный храм, структура которого стала основополагающей для зодчества домонгольской Руси. На её основе были созданы оригинальные высокохудожественные произведения. Таким был первый каменный храм, построенный в 991-996г.г. – Десятинная церковь, впоследствии разрушенная татаро-монголами в XIII веке.

Answer 2

Byzantine Architecture in Ancient Rus

The architecture of Ancient Rus was heavily influenced by Byzantine architecture. The Byzantine Empire, with its capital in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), had a significant impact on the cultural, artistic, and architectural development of the region. Byzantine architecture brought several distinctive architectural styles and elements to Ancient Rus.

1. Byzantine Basilica: One of the architectural styles introduced by Byzantium was the basilica. Basilicas were large, rectangular buildings with a central nave and side aisles. They often had a dome at the crossing, creating a distinctive architectural feature. The basilica style was used in the construction of churches in Ancient Rus, such as the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine.

2. Centralized Plan: Byzantine architecture also introduced the concept of a centralized plan, which featured a central dome or a series of domes. This architectural style can be seen in the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl River in Russia. The centralized plan became a prominent feature in the construction of churches in Ancient Rus.

3. Byzantine Ornamentation: Byzantine architecture was known for its rich ornamentation and decorative elements. Intricate mosaics, frescoes, and ornate carvings adorned the interiors and exteriors of Byzantine-influenced buildings. These decorative elements were also incorporated into the architecture of Ancient Rus, adding a sense of grandeur and beauty to the structures.

4. Iconostasis: Another architectural feature introduced by Byzantium was the iconostasis, a screen or partition adorned with icons that separated the sanctuary from the nave in Orthodox churches. The iconostasis became an integral part of church architecture in Ancient Rus and is still a prominent feature in Orthodox churches today.

5. Multiple Domes: Byzantine architecture often featured multiple domes, which symbolized the celestial realm. This architectural element was adopted in Ancient Rus and can be seen in the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

These are some of the architectural styles and elements that Byzantine architecture brought to Ancient Rus. The influence of Byzantium can be seen in the numerous churches and cathedrals that still stand today, showcasing the rich architectural heritage of the region.

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