Question

Какие изменения внесла Жалованная грамота дворянства в положение дворянского сословия?​

Answer 1

Было создано дворянское самоуправление. Грамота провозглашала права собственности дворян на недра и леса, освобождала их от телесных наказаний, пыток и платежа личных податей, запрещала конфискацию наследственных имений даже при совершении тяжких преступлений

Answer 2

Changes introduced by the Charter of the Nobility to the status of the nobility

The Charter of the Nobility, also known as the Charter to the Nobility, was a legal document that introduced significant changes to the status and privileges of the noble class in Russia. It was issued by Catherine the Great in 1785 and aimed to consolidate and regulate the rights and responsibilities of the nobility. Here are some of the key changes introduced by the Charter:

1. Legal Recognition and Privileges: The Charter of the Nobility officially recognized the nobility as a distinct social class with specific privileges and rights. It granted the nobles certain legal protections, such as exemption from corporal punishment and the right to a trial by their peers.

2. Land Ownership and Serfdom: The Charter solidified the nobility's control over vast amounts of land. It confirmed the rights of the nobles to own serfs, who were bound to the land and obligated to provide labor and other services to their noble masters. The Charter also regulated the relationship between the nobility and the serfs, aiming to protect the serfs from excessive exploitation.

3. Self-Government: The Charter of the Nobility established self-governing bodies for the nobility, known as the Noble Assemblies. These assemblies were responsible for managing the affairs of the nobility at the local level, including the administration of justice, taxation, and the regulation of serfdom.

4. Education and Careers: The Charter encouraged the education and professional development of the nobility. It emphasized the importance of education for the nobles and provided them with opportunities to pursue careers in the civil service, military, and other fields. This helped to strengthen the administrative and military capabilities of the nobility.

5. Exemption from Taxes: The Charter granted the nobility certain tax exemptions and privileges. Nobles were exempt from certain taxes and were subject to a different tax system compared to other social classes. This further solidified the economic advantages enjoyed by the nobility.

6. Social Status and Titles: The Charter of the Nobility reinforced the social status and hierarchy within the nobility. It established a system of ranks and titles, with higher-ranking nobles enjoying greater privileges and prestige. The Charter also regulated the rules of inheritance and succession within noble families.

It is important to note that while the Charter of the Nobility brought about significant changes to the status and privileges of the nobility, it also maintained and perpetuated the existing social and economic inequalities in Russian society. The serfs, who made up the majority of the population, continued to live in a state of servitude and were subject to the authority of the nobility.