Question

В 1714 году указ Петра 1 о единонаследии- поместье приравнивалось к вотчине. В чем значение этого указа? (вспомните что такое вотчина, поместье? Выскажите свое мнение.

Answer 1

Ответ:

Согласно положениям указа, происходило юридическое слияние поместного и вотчинного землевладения (на практике это сближение произошло гораздо раньше, однако, получило легитимацию только с изданием указа). Возникло новое понятие — недвижимость.

Объяснение:

Пётр I, как отмечает большинство историков, все свои преобразования совершал «впопыхах», не всегда задумываясь о последствиях.

Новый указ, имевший многие прогрессивные черты, вызвал недовольство. К тому же, как и многие нормативные акты петровской эпохи, он не был достаточно хорошо разработан с точки зрения юридической техники. Неопределённость формулировок порождала сложность в исполнении указа.

Answer 2

#### The Significance of Peter the Great's Decree on Inheritance in 1714 In 1714, Peter the Great issued a decree that equated a **pomestie** (estate) to a **votchina** (patrimonial estate). This decree had significant implications for the Russian nobility and the structure of land ownership in the country. **Votchina** refers to a hereditary estate that was passed down within noble families. It was a form of land ownership that allowed the noble families to maintain their wealth and social status over generations. The land and its resources were considered the property of the family, and the family head had complete control over its administration and use. **Pomestie**, on the other hand, was a type of estate that was granted by the tsar to individuals in exchange for their service to the state. It was not hereditary and could be taken away by the tsar at any time. The holders of pomestie were required to perform specific duties, such as military service or administrative tasks, in return for the land they were granted. Peter the Great's decree in 1714 equating pomestie to votchina meant that the holders of pomestie were now granted the same rights and privileges as those who owned votchina. This effectively elevated the status of pomestie holders and allowed them to pass down their estates to their descendants, just like the noble families who owned votchina. The significance of this decree can be seen in several aspects: 1. **Social Status**: The decree elevated the social status of pomestie holders, as they were now considered on par with the noble families who owned votchina. This helped to bridge the gap between the nobility and those who had acquired land through service to the state. 2. **Land Ownership**: The decree allowed for the consolidation of land ownership among the pomestie holders. By granting them the same rights as votchina owners, it ensured that the land and resources associated with pomestie would remain within the same family over generations. This contributed to the stability and continuity of land ownership in Russia. 3. **Incentive for Service**: The decree provided an incentive for individuals to serve the state in various capacities. By granting them the right to pass down their pomestie to their descendants, it created a sense of long-term security and motivation for individuals to dedicate themselves to the service of the state. In my opinion, Peter the Great's decree on inheritance in 1714 was a significant step towards creating a more stable and structured system of land ownership in Russia. By equating pomestie to votchina, it not only elevated the status of pomestie holders but also provided them with the same rights and privileges as the noble families who owned votchina. This helped to create a more cohesive and unified nobility, while also incentivizing individuals to serve the state in exchange for land and resources. Overall, the decree played a crucial role in shaping the social and economic landscape of Russia during that time.