Question

Расскажите о достижениях науки и техники в эпоху эллинизма О чём они были связаны​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Слияние западной и восточной культуры способствовало быстрому развитию техники, совершенствованию орудий труда. Появились механизмы, приводимые в движение мускульной силой или потоком воды. Усовершенствованы торговые и военные корабли, появились мощные машины, способные метать на большие расстояния тяжелые камни и огромные стрелы.

Answer 2

#### Achievements in Science and Technology during the Hellenistic Era The Hellenistic Era, which lasted from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, was a period of significant advancements in science and technology. During this time, scholars and inventors from various regions of the Hellenistic world made groundbreaking discoveries and inventions that laid the foundation for future scientific and technological developments. Here are some key achievements from that era: **1. Mathematics and Astronomy:** - **Euclidean Geometry:** Euclid, a Greek mathematician, wrote the influential work "Elements" which presented a comprehensive system of geometry based on logical proofs and axioms. His work became the standard textbook for mathematics for centuries to come. - **Aristarchus of Samos:** Aristarchus proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, suggesting that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Although his ideas were not widely accepted at the time, they laid the groundwork for future astronomical theories. - **Erathosthenes:** Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth using simple geometric principles and measurements of shadows. His calculations were remarkably close to the actual value, demonstrating a high level of mathematical and scientific understanding. **2. Medicine and Biology:** - **Herophilus and Erasistratus:** These Greek physicians made significant contributions to the field of anatomy and physiology. They conducted detailed dissections and made important discoveries about the structure and function of the human body, including the nervous system and the circulatory system. - **Theophrastus:** Theophrastus, a student of Aristotle, is often referred to as the "Father of Botany." He classified and described hundreds of plant species, laying the foundation for the scientific study of plants. **3. Engineering and Technology:** - **Archimedes:** Archimedes, a Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer, made numerous contributions to the fields of mathematics, physics, and engineering. He developed the principles of buoyancy and lever, invented various machines and devices, and made significant advancements in the understanding of mathematics and physics. - **Ctesibius:** Ctesibius, an engineer and inventor from Alexandria, made important contributions to the field of pneumatics. He invented various devices, including the water clock and the hydraulic organ, and developed the principles of compressed air and vacuum. **4. Literature and Philosophy:** - **Library of Alexandria:** The Library of Alexandria, established during the Hellenistic period, was a center of learning and scholarship. It housed a vast collection of books and manuscripts from various fields, including science, philosophy, and literature. The library played a crucial role in preserving and disseminating knowledge during that time. - **Stoicism and Epicureanism:** Philosophical schools such as Stoicism and Epicureanism emerged during the Hellenistic period. These schools focused on ethics, logic, and the pursuit of happiness, influencing the development of Western philosophy. These achievements in science and technology during the Hellenistic Era were closely related to the intellectual and cultural exchange that took place among the diverse cultures and civilizations of the Hellenistic world. The scholars and inventors of that time built upon the knowledge of earlier civilizations, combined it with their own observations and experiments, and laid the groundwork for future scientific and technological advancements. I hope this provides you with an overview of the achievements in science and technology during the Hellenistic Era. Let me know if you have any further questions!