Question

Опишите ход революции в 1848 в Австрии и укажите причины поражения революции. На какие уступки пошла Австрийская монархия.​

Answer 1

Ответ:Задачами революции было установление гражданских прав и свобод, ликвидация феодальных пережитков. Помимо глубокого кризиса политической системы поводом к революции послужили межэтнические противоречия в многонациональном государстве, стремление народов империи к культурно-политической автономии. Фактически революция, начавшаяся в Вене, вскоре распалась на несколько отдельных национальных революций в разных частях империи.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

#### The Revolution of 1848 in Austria The Revolution of 1848, also known as the Spring of Nations or the People's Spring, was a series of uprisings and revolutions that swept across Europe in 1848. These revolutions were driven by a variety of factors, including demands for political reform, social equality, and national independence. In Austria, the revolution began in March 1848 and was primarily driven by a desire for political and social change. The revolutionaries demanded a constitution, civil liberties, and an end to the oppressive rule of the Austrian monarchy. The revolution initially gained momentum, and the Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I was forced to make concessions to the revolutionaries. On March 15, 1848, he issued the Imperial Patent, which promised a constitutional monarchy and various civil liberties. This move was seen as a significant victory for the revolutionaries. However, the revolution in Austria ultimately failed to achieve its goals. There were several reasons for its defeat: **1. Lack of Unity:** The revolutionaries in Austria were divided among themselves. There were different factions with varying goals and ideologies, which made it difficult to form a united front against the monarchy. **2. Lack of Leadership:** The revolution lacked strong and charismatic leaders who could effectively guide and unite the revolutionary forces. This lack of leadership weakened the movement and made it easier for the monarchy to suppress the revolution. **3. Military Suppression:** The Austrian monarchy, with the support of the military, launched a counter-revolutionary campaign to suppress the uprising. The military forces were able to regain control of key cities and crush the revolutionary forces. **4. International Intervention:** The revolution in Austria faced opposition not only from the monarchy but also from other European powers. The conservative governments of neighboring countries, such as Russia and Prussia, were wary of the revolutionary movements and provided support to the Austrian monarchy. **5. Economic Factors:** The revolution took place during a period of economic hardship and social unrest. The economic conditions worsened as the revolution progressed, leading to increased dissatisfaction among the population. The economic difficulties also made it harder for the revolutionaries to sustain their movement. #### Concessions Made by the Austrian Monarchy Despite the failure of the revolution, the Austrian monarchy was forced to make some concessions in response to the demands of the revolutionaries. These concessions included: **1. The Imperial Patent:** As mentioned earlier, Emperor Ferdinand I issued the Imperial Patent on March 15, 1848. This document promised a constitutional monarchy and various civil liberties, such as freedom of the press and freedom of assembly. **2. The October Diploma:** In October 1848, the Austrian government issued the October Diploma, which established a bicameral legislature and granted limited political rights to the citizens. However, these reforms fell short of the revolutionary demands for a fully democratic system. **3. The February Patent:** In February 1849, the Austrian government issued the February Patent, which further expanded the powers of the legislature and granted additional political rights. However, these reforms were still insufficient to satisfy the revolutionary demands. Despite these concessions, the Austrian monarchy ultimately reasserted its control and rolled back many of the reforms. The revolution of 1848 in Austria serves as a significant event in the country's history, highlighting the struggle for political and social change during a period of widespread unrest in Europe.