Question

Одна из причин  возвышения Москвы а) умелая политика московских князейб) отказ от уплаты дани Золотой Орде в) поддержка московских князей тверским князем г) использование железных орудий труда​

Answer 1

Ответ:

а

Политика московских князей была направлена на постоянное увеличение территории княжества и рост его политического веса. За семьдесят лет существования Московское княжество прошло путь от захолустного удела до главного центра силы в Северо-Восточной Руси. Причин тому было несколько: выгодное географическое положение Москвы (отсутствие прямых границ с потенциально недружественными государствами и контроль за основными торговыми путями северо-востока); особенности политики московских князей (сотрудничество с Ордой, присоединение выморочных уделов, а также покупка земель)

Answer 2

#### The Rise of Moscow: Factors and Reasons The rise of Moscow as a prominent city in Russia can be attributed to several factors. These factors include skilled political maneuvering by Moscow princes, the refusal to pay tribute to the Golden Horde, support from other regional princes, and the utilization of iron tools and labor. Let's explore each of these factors in more detail. #### Skilled Political Maneuvering by Moscow Princes One of the reasons for the rise of Moscow was the skilled political maneuvering by the Moscow princes. They were able to consolidate power and establish themselves as the dominant force in the region. Through strategic marriages, alliances, and military campaigns, the Moscow princes expanded their influence and control over neighboring territories. This allowed them to strengthen their position and gradually rise to prominence [[1]]. #### Refusal to Pay Tribute to the Golden Horde Another significant factor in the rise of Moscow was the refusal to pay tribute to the Golden Horde. The Golden Horde was a Mongol-Tatar khanate that ruled over much of Eastern Europe, including Russia, during the 13th and 14th centuries. By refusing to pay tribute, the Moscow princes asserted their independence and challenged the authority of the Golden Horde. This defiance helped to establish Moscow as a center of power and resistance against Mongol rule [[2]]. #### Support from Other Regional Princes The support from other regional princes also played a crucial role in the rise of Moscow. The princes of Tver, a neighboring principality, were among those who supported the Moscow princes. This alliance provided Moscow with additional military and political backing, enabling them to expand their influence and consolidate their power [[3]]. #### Utilization of Iron Tools and Labor The utilization of iron tools and labor was another factor that contributed to the rise of Moscow. The Moscow princes recognized the importance of technological advancements and the use of iron tools in various industries, including agriculture and construction. This allowed them to increase productivity and develop a strong economic base. The availability of skilled labor also played a significant role in the growth and development of Moscow as a thriving city [[4]]. In conclusion, the rise of Moscow can be attributed to a combination of factors, including skilled political maneuvering by the Moscow princes, the refusal to pay tribute to the Golden Horde, support from other regional princes, and the utilization of iron tools and labor. These factors helped establish Moscow as a center of power and laid the foundation for its future prominence in Russia.