Question

Когда и почему распался СССР, объясните пожалуйста а то я не понимаю​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Распа́д СССР — процессы системной дезинтеграции в социальной структуре, народном хозяйстве, общественной и политической сфере Советского Союза, приведшие к прекращению его существования 26 декабря 1991 года.

Причина:Перестройка

Answer 2

The Dissolution of the USSR

The dissolution of the Soviet Union (USSR) occurred on December 26, 1991. It was a complex process influenced by various factors. The following are some key reasons for the collapse of the USSR:

1. Political and Economic Factors: - Political Reform: The political reforms initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, such as glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), aimed to modernize the Soviet system. However, these reforms also led to increased political freedom and demands for independence from the Soviet republics. - Economic Challenges: The Soviet economy faced significant challenges, including inefficiency, corruption, and a lack of innovation. The centrally planned economy struggled to compete with the market-oriented economies of the West. - Nationalism and Independence Movements: The Soviet Union was a multinational state with various ethnic groups seeking greater autonomy or independence. Nationalist movements gained momentum in many Soviet republics, leading to demands for self-determination.

2. Nationalist Movements and Independence Declarations: - Baltic States: The Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were among the first to declare independence from the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. - Other Republics: Following the Baltic states, other Soviet republics, such as Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, also declared independence.

3. Political Instability and Failed Coup Attempt: - August Coup: In August 1991, a group of hardline Communist Party members attempted a coup against Gorbachev's government. The coup failed, but it further weakened the central authority of the Soviet Union and accelerated the process of disintegration.

4. Economic Crisis and Collapse of the Command Economy: - Economic Crisis: The Soviet Union faced severe economic challenges, including hyperinflation, shortages of essential goods, and a decline in living standards. The command economy was unable to adapt to the changing global economic landscape. - Loss of Economic Control: The Soviet republics sought greater economic autonomy and control over their resources, leading to conflicts between the central government and the republics.

5. International Factors: - End of the Cold War: The end of the Cold War and the decline of the Soviet Union's global influence reduced the ideological and strategic importance of maintaining the USSR as a unified entity. - International Recognition: As Soviet republics declared independence, they sought international recognition, which further undermined the legitimacy and authority of the Soviet Union.

It is important to note that the dissolution of the USSR was a complex and multifaceted process influenced by a combination of political, economic, and social factors. The specific circumstances varied across different Soviet republics.