Question

Каким образом Англия установила контроль на морем​

Answer 1

Британское правление в Индии началось в 1757 году, когда после битвы при Плесси англичанин Роберт Клайв сделал навабом Бенгалии Мира Джафара. По другой версии, это случилось в 1766 году, когда Ост-Индская Компания получила право сбора налогов в Бенгалии и Бихаре, или в 1773 году, когда была основана столица британской Бенгалии в Калькутте и назначен первый генерал-губернатор, Уоррен Гастингс. В 1818 году Компания победила империю Маратха, а затем установила контроль над её территорией и стала доминировать на всем субконтиненте. Компания была частной организацией, которая подчинялась совету директоров в Лондоне. Первоначально она ставила своей целью монополию на торговлю с Индией, но постепенно обрела правительственные функции, завела свою армию и администрацию. Британское правительство сначала не контролировало Компанию, несмотря на многочисленные жалобы на коррупцию и злоупотребления её чиновников. Только в 1784 году Индийский акт Питта дал британскому правительству контроль над Компанией. Правление Компании длилось до 1857 года, когда после восстания сипаев оно было ликвидировано.
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Answer 2

The Establishment of English Naval Control

The establishment of English naval control can be attributed to several factors and historical events. Here is a detailed explanation of how England achieved maritime dominance:

1. The Tudor Period: During the Tudor period in the 16th century, England began to assert its naval power. Queen Elizabeth I, in particular, played a significant role in expanding England's naval capabilities. She encouraged the development of a strong navy to protect English interests and challenge the maritime dominance of other European powers.

2. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada: One of the key events that solidified England's naval control was the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. The Spanish Armada was a fleet sent by Spain to invade England, but it was ultimately defeated by the English navy. This victory not only protected England from invasion but also demonstrated the strength and effectiveness of the English navy.

3. Naval Innovations: England's naval control was also facilitated by its innovations in shipbuilding and naval technology. The English developed faster and more maneuverable ships, such as the galleon, which gave them an advantage in naval warfare. Additionally, the English navy adopted new tactics, such as the use of broadside cannons, which allowed them to inflict significant damage on enemy ships.

4. Colonial Expansion: England's establishment of colonies and trade routes around the world also contributed to its naval control. The English established colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India, which provided them with valuable resources and trade opportunities. The navy played a crucial role in protecting these colonies and securing England's economic interests.

5. Naval Bases and Infrastructure: To maintain control over the seas, England established a network of naval bases and infrastructure. Ports such as Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Chatham became important centers for shipbuilding, repair, and maintenance. These bases allowed the English navy to maintain a constant presence at sea and respond quickly to any threats.

6. Naval Warfare and Conflicts: England's naval control was further solidified through its involvement in various naval conflicts and wars. The English navy played a significant role in conflicts such as the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the Seven Years' War, and the Napoleonic Wars. These conflicts allowed England to assert its dominance and establish itself as a major naval power.

7. The Royal Navy: The establishment of the Royal Navy, the official naval force of England, was a crucial factor in maintaining naval control. The Royal Navy was established in the 17th century and became the backbone of England's naval power. It provided a professional and disciplined force that could protect English interests and project power across the seas.

In conclusion, England established naval control through a combination of factors, including strong leadership, naval innovations, colonial expansion, naval bases, and involvement in naval conflicts. These elements allowed England to build a powerful navy, protect its interests, and assert its dominance on the seas.