Question

Что изменилось при Хрущёве​?

Answer 1

Ответ:

В конце января 1957 г. широкому кругу руководителей страны для обсуждения была разослана записка Хрущёва об улучшении руководства промышленностью и строительством. Суть записки заключалась в предложении отменить ведомственное подчинение предприятий и отдать их в ведение регионов.

Answer 2

Changes During Khrushchev's Leadership

Nikita Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. His tenure brought about significant changes in various aspects of Soviet society and foreign policy. Here are some key changes that occurred during Khrushchev's leadership:

1. De-Stalinization: Khrushchev initiated a process of de-Stalinization, which involved denouncing the excesses and crimes committed during Joseph Stalin's rule. He criticized Stalin's cult of personality and condemned the purges and repression that took place under his regime. This led to a partial liberalization of Soviet society and a relaxation of political repression.

2. Agricultural Reforms: Khrushchev implemented agricultural reforms aimed at increasing food production and improving the living standards of the Soviet population. One of the most significant initiatives was the Virgin Lands Campaign, which involved cultivating previously uncultivated lands in Kazakhstan and Siberia. However, the campaign faced challenges and did not achieve its intended goals.

3. Space Exploration: Khrushchev's leadership witnessed significant advancements in Soviet space exploration. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, marking the beginning of the Space Age. Subsequently, Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the Earth in 1961. These achievements in space exploration boosted Soviet prestige and had a profound impact on the Cold War rivalry with the United States.

4. Cuban Missile Crisis: One of the most critical events during Khrushchev's leadership was the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The Soviet Union secretly deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba, leading to a tense standoff with the United States. The crisis was eventually resolved through negotiations, with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove the missiles in exchange for a U.S. commitment not to invade Cuba. This event highlighted the dangers of nuclear confrontation and had a lasting impact on international relations.

5. Foreign Policy: Khrushchev pursued a policy of peaceful coexistence with the West, advocating for peaceful competition between the socialist and capitalist systems. He engaged in diplomatic initiatives, such as the Geneva Summit in 1955 and the Paris Summit in 1960, to ease tensions between the superpowers. However, his leadership also witnessed conflicts and proxy wars, such as the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956.

6. Economic Reforms: Khrushchev introduced economic reforms aimed at modernizing the Soviet economy and increasing consumer goods production. He emphasized the importance of technological advancements and promoted the development of heavy industry. However, these reforms faced challenges and did not lead to significant improvements in the overall efficiency of the Soviet economy.

It is important to note that Khrushchev's leadership was marked by both achievements and controversies. While some of his policies brought about positive changes, others faced criticism and had mixed results. The impact of his leadership continues to be a subject of debate among historians and scholars.

I hope this provides you with a comprehensive overview of the changes that occurred during Khrushchev's leadership. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!