Question

Вклад арабов в науку и культуру срочно

Answer 1

Ответ:

Говоря о вкладе арабов в развитие науки и культуры можно вспомнить наши цифры.Мы называем их арабскими, а арабы заимствовали их у индусов. Так Европа познакомилась с индийскими цифрами через арабов. Большой вклад внесли арабы в развитие химии. Собственно от них химия пришла в Европу, где предстала в виде алхимии.Арабы усовершенствовали химические операции - дистилляцию, сублимацию и др.Они первыми получили некоторые вещества, например, алкоголь. И использовали его в медицине для обеззараживания. Арабский мир дал нам многое в математике и астрономии. Такие термины как надир, названия некоторых  ярких звезд северного неба арабского происхождения. В математике Аль-Хорезми оставил нам понятия алгоритм, алгебра и способы решения уравнений.Арабы -географы и путешественники оставили нам сведения о современным им народах и землях.Например, Ибн Руст описывает славян и русов. Арабы внесли вклад в медицину. Классический пример - Ибн Сина ( Авиценна). В своих сочинениях он описывает множество лекарств, одним из первых обращает внимание на заразность оспы, описывает лепру, отмечает различия холеры и чумы. Богата и арабская литература. Взять хотя бы сказки "Тысяча и одной ночи",  философские рубаи Омара Хайяма, эпическую поэму " Шахнамэ"Фирдоуси. С трудами Аристотеля , например, Европа знакомится через арабов.

  Европейская культура многое переняла от арабов, их вклад в мировую духовность не подлежит сомнению

Answer 2

Arab Contributions to Science and Culture

Arabs have made significant contributions to both science and culture throughout history. Their contributions span various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, medicine, literature, and architecture. Let's explore some of these contributions in more detail:

1. Mathematics: Arab scholars played a crucial role in preserving and translating ancient Greek mathematical texts, which were then further developed and expanded upon. They introduced the decimal system and the concept of zero to the Western world, which revolutionized mathematics and laid the foundation for modern arithmetic and algebra. Arab mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi and Al-Kindi made significant contributions to algebra and trigonometry.

2. Astronomy: Arab astronomers made groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in the field of astronomy. They built upon the knowledge of ancient civilizations and developed sophisticated instruments for observing celestial bodies. Arab astronomers accurately calculated the Earth's circumference, made important observations of the stars and planets, and developed astronomical tables and calendars. One notable figure is Al-Battani, who made significant contributions to trigonometry and accurately calculated the length of the solar year.

3. Medicine: Arab physicians made significant contributions to the field of medicine. They translated and preserved ancient Greek and Roman medical texts, which formed the basis of medical knowledge in Europe during the Middle Ages. Arab physicians such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna) wrote influential medical encyclopedias and made important advancements in pharmacology, anatomy, and surgery. Their works greatly influenced the development of medical science in Europe.

4. Literature: Arab literature has a rich and diverse history, with contributions ranging from poetry and storytelling to philosophy and historical chronicles. Arabic literature flourished during the Islamic Golden Age, with renowned poets such as Al-Mutanabbi and Abu Nuwas. Arab scholars also played a crucial role in preserving and translating ancient Greek and Roman literary works, ensuring their survival and dissemination throughout the world.

5. Architecture: Arab architecture is known for its intricate designs, geometric patterns, and innovative use of materials. Arab architects developed unique architectural styles, such as the distinctive arches and domes seen in mosques and palaces. The Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain and the Alhambra Palace in Granada are examples of Arab architectural masterpieces that continue to inspire architects to this day.

These are just a few examples of the contributions made by Arabs to science and culture. Their achievements have had a lasting impact on various fields and have enriched human knowledge and understanding.