Question

чем методы политики просвещенного абсолютизма екатерины 2 отличались от методов петра 1? почему в екатеринский век такое изменение методов правления было необходимо?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

были более справидливые что  ли

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Methods of Enlightened Absolutism under Catherine II vs. Methods of Peter I

The methods of governance under Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, differed from those of Peter I, also known as Peter the Great. Catherine II ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, while Peter I ruled from 1682 to 1725. The main differences between their methods of governance can be attributed to the different historical contexts in which they ruled and their respective goals for modernizing Russia.

1. Context and Goals: - Peter I's reign was characterized by his desire to modernize Russia and bring it in line with Western European powers. He implemented a series of reforms known as the "Westernization" of Russia, which aimed to modernize the military, bureaucracy, and society as a whole. Peter I sought to strengthen the power of the state and centralize authority. - Catherine II, on the other hand, focused on consolidating and expanding the territorial gains made by Russia during her reign. She aimed to maintain stability and strengthen the monarchy. Catherine II was influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and sought to implement policies that would benefit the nobility and promote economic development.

2. Methods of Governance: - Peter I implemented a series of reforms that aimed to modernize Russia. These reforms included the establishment of a professional standing army, the creation of a navy, the introduction of Western-style bureaucracy, and the promotion of education and science. Peter I also implemented policies to promote trade and industry, such as the establishment of the first Russian newspaper and the construction of the city of St. Petersburg as a "window to the West." - Catherine II continued many of the reforms initiated by Peter I but focused more on consolidating and expanding Russia's territorial gains. She implemented policies to promote economic development, such as the expansion of agriculture and the encouragement of foreign investment. Catherine II also continued to promote education and culture, establishing the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens and supporting the arts and sciences.

3. Centralization of Power: - Peter I centralized power in Russia and implemented policies to strengthen the authority of the state. He introduced the Table of Ranks, a system that determined a person's position and privileges based on their service to the state. Peter I also established the Senate as a central governing body and implemented policies to control the Russian Orthodox Church. - Catherine II maintained a centralized system of governance but also sought to maintain the support of the nobility. She relied on the support of the nobility and implemented policies to benefit them, such as granting them more control over their serfs and exempting them from certain taxes. Catherine II also maintained a strong relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church.

4. Enlightenment Influence: - Both Peter I and Catherine II were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, but their approaches differed. Peter I focused more on implementing Western-style reforms and modernizing Russia, while Catherine II implemented policies that were more in line with the principles of enlightened absolutism. Enlightened absolutism emphasized the use of reason and rationality in governance and the promotion of the welfare of the people. - Catherine II implemented policies that aimed to improve the lives of the Russian people, such as the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, and schools. She also corresponded with Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire, and sought their advice on governance.

5. Necessity of Change in the Catherinean Era: - The changes in methods of governance during the reign of Catherine II were necessary due to the changing circumstances and challenges faced by Russia. Catherine II inherited a vast empire and faced the task of consolidating and expanding Russia's territorial gains. She needed to maintain stability and strengthen the monarchy to ensure the continued success of the Russian Empire. - Additionally, the ideas of the Enlightenment were spreading throughout Europe during the 18th century, and Catherine II sought to incorporate these ideas into her policies. The Enlightenment emphasized reason, progress, and the welfare of the people, and Catherine II implemented policies that reflected these principles.

In conclusion, the methods of governance under Catherine II differed from those of Peter I due to the different historical contexts in which they ruled and their respective goals. Peter I focused on modernizing Russia and implementing Western-style reforms, while Catherine II aimed to consolidate and expand Russia's territorial gains while incorporating the principles of enlightened absolutism. The changes in methods of governance during the Catherinean era were necessary to address the challenges faced by Russia and to incorporate the ideas of the Enlightenment.