Question

СРОЧНО!! Чому початок керування в СРСР М. Хрущовим названий був періодом лібералізації? Який 3"ізд КПРС про це проголосив? 6. Назвати реформи, які були проведені в перiод лібералізації та дати ім аналіз.​

Answer 1

Початок керування в СРСР М. Хрущовим названий був періодом лібералізації, тому що він пом'якшив тиск на різні сфери життя.

Це проголосили на 20 з'їзді.

Answer 2

The Period of Liberalization under Nikita Khrushchev in the USSR

The period of leadership under Nikita Khrushchev in the Soviet Union (USSR) is often referred to as a period of liberalization. This term is used to describe a relative loosening of political and cultural restrictions compared to the preceding era of Joseph Stalin's rule. Khrushchev's leadership, which began in 1953 after Stalin's death, brought about several significant changes in Soviet society.

The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

One of the key events that marked the beginning of the period of liberalization was the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) held in 1956. During this congress, Khrushchev delivered a secret speech known as the "Secret Speech" or "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences." In this speech, Khrushchev criticized Stalin's leadership and the excesses of the Stalinist era, including the purges and repressions. The speech was a significant departure from the official party line and marked a shift towards a more open and critical approach to the past.

Reforms and Policies of the Khrushchev Era

During the period of liberalization, Khrushchev implemented several reforms and policies aimed at modernizing and improving the Soviet Union. Some of the notable reforms include:

1. De-Stalinization: Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin's cult of personality and the repressive policies of the Stalinist era led to a process of de-Stalinization. This involved the removal of Stalin's statues and renaming of cities and institutions associated with him. It also included the release of political prisoners and a more relaxed atmosphere in terms of political dissent.

2. Agricultural Reforms: Khrushchev initiated agricultural reforms known as the Virgin Lands Campaign and the Corn Campaign. The Virgin Lands Campaign aimed to cultivate previously unused land in Kazakhstan and Siberia, while the Corn Campaign focused on increasing corn production. These reforms were intended to boost agricultural productivity and address food shortages.

3. Housing and Consumer Goods: Khrushchev prioritized the construction of affordable housing and the production of consumer goods to improve the living standards of Soviet citizens. This led to the construction of large-scale housing projects known as Khrushchyovka, which provided apartments to millions of people.

4. Thaw in Cultural and Intellectual Life: The period of liberalization also witnessed a thaw in cultural and intellectual life. There was a relaxation of censorship, allowing for greater artistic and literary freedom. This led to the emergence of the Soviet New Wave in cinema and the publication of previously banned literature.

Analysis of the Reforms and Policies

The reforms and policies implemented during the period of liberalization under Khrushchev had mixed results and faced various challenges. While some of the reforms, such as the agricultural campaigns and housing construction, initially showed promising results, they also had their limitations and faced difficulties in implementation.

For example, the Virgin Lands Campaign led to a temporary increase in grain production, but the long-term sustainability of the agricultural practices employed was questionable. Similarly, the construction of Khrushchyovka housing was aimed at addressing the housing shortage, but the quality of these buildings and the lack of proper infrastructure in many cases posed challenges for the residents.

Furthermore, the period of liberalization also witnessed political and economic instability, including the Cuban Missile Crisis and economic difficulties. Khrushchev's attempts to introduce reforms and modernize the Soviet economy faced resistance from conservative elements within the party and bureaucracy.

In conclusion, the period of leadership under Nikita Khrushchev in the USSR was characterized as a period of liberalization due to the relative loosening of political and cultural restrictions compared to the preceding Stalinist era. Khrushchev implemented various reforms and policies aimed at modernizing the Soviet Union, including de-Stalinization, agricultural reforms, housing construction, and a thaw in cultural and intellectual life. However, these reforms faced challenges and had mixed results, and the period of liberalization was also marked by political and economic instability.