Question

Скажите пожалуйста, каковы причины возникновения университетов!!!!

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

Предпосылками появления первых университетов в Западной Европе можно назвать следующие:

необходимость в специалистах, которых не могли дать монастырские школы

развитие семи классических искусств и наук, которые легли в основу образовательной модели Liberal Arts

желание сохранить имеющиеся знания и приумножить их

формирование и развитие академической традиции

ПОЖАЛУЙСТА

Answer 2

The Origins of Universities

Universities have a long and rich history that dates back centuries. The establishment of universities can be attributed to several key factors. Here are some of the main reasons for the emergence of universities:

1. Medieval Education System: In the Middle Ages, education was primarily provided by the Church. Monastic schools and cathedral schools were the main centers of learning during this time. However, as the demand for education grew, these institutions became insufficient to meet the needs of society.

2. Desire for Higher Learning: There was a growing demand for advanced education beyond the basic skills taught in monastic and cathedral schools. People sought knowledge in various fields, including law, medicine, philosophy, and theology.

3. Urbanization and Trade: The rise of cities and the growth of trade in Europe led to increased intellectual and cultural exchange. This created a need for institutions that could provide specialized education to meet the demands of urban life and commerce.

4. Preservation and Transmission of Knowledge: Universities emerged as institutions dedicated to the preservation and transmission of knowledge. They served as centers of intellectual activity, where scholars could engage in research, teaching, and the dissemination of knowledge.

5. Papal and Royal Charters: Many early universities were established through papal or royal charters, which granted them certain privileges and autonomy. These charters provided universities with the authority to confer degrees and govern their own affairs.

6. Student Guilds and Associations: Student guilds and associations played a crucial role in the development of universities. These organizations provided support and protection for students, as well as a sense of community and camaraderie.

7. Influence of Islamic and Byzantine Scholarship: The Crusades and the contact between Europe and the Islamic and Byzantine civilizations brought new ideas, texts, and knowledge to Europe. This exchange of knowledge had a significant impact on the development of universities.

It is important to note that the establishment of universities was a gradual process that evolved over time. The first universities, such as the University of Bologna (founded in 1088) and the University of Paris (founded in the early 12th century), served as models for subsequent institutions.

Conclusion

The emergence of universities can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the need for advanced education, urbanization, the preservation and transmission of knowledge, charters from religious and royal authorities, the influence of Islamic and Byzantine scholarship, and the role of student guilds and associations. These factors, along with the changing social and intellectual landscape of the time, contributed to the establishment of universities as centers of higher learning and intellectual inquiry.