Question

Позначте тенденції, які визначали розвиток промисловості українських земель у складі Російської імперії у першій половині ХІХ ст. (Три варіанти відповіді) 1) Надзвичайно повільне зростання кількості промислових підприємств. 2) Відбувався промисловий переворот; 3) Відсутність нової техніки та технологій; 4) Поступове витіснення мануфактур капіталістичними фабриками; 5) Збільшення ролі праці кріпосних селян; 6) промисловий переворот розпочався на металургійних підприємствах; 7)Виникнення нових галузей промисловості.

Answer 1

Ответ:2 4 та 7

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Tendencies that defined the development of industry in Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century

The development of industry in Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century was influenced by several key tendencies. Let's examine each of the given options and determine which ones accurately reflect the historical context.

1) Nadzvychaino povilne zrostannia kilkosti promyslovykh pidpryiemstv (Extremely slow growth in the number of industrial enterprises): - This option suggests that the number of industrial enterprises grew at an extremely slow pace during this period. However, it is important to note that the industrialization process in the Russian Empire, including Ukrainian lands, was characterized by significant growth in the number of factories and industrial establishments. Therefore, this option does not accurately reflect the historical context.

2) Vidbuvasia promyslovyi perevorot (Industrial revolution taking place): - This option suggests that an industrial revolution was taking place during this period. The industrial revolution refers to a period of rapid industrialization, technological advancements, and socioeconomic changes. While the industrial revolution did occur in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, it is important to note that its impact on Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire was relatively limited compared to other regions. Therefore, while some industrial advancements did occur, it would be inaccurate to describe it as a full-fledged industrial revolution.

3) Vidsutnist novoi tekhniky ta tekhnolohii (Absence of new machinery and technology): - This option suggests that there was a lack of new machinery and technology during this period. However, it is important to note that the industrialization process in the Russian Empire, including Ukrainian lands, did witness the introduction of new machinery and technology. For example, the development of the coal and iron industries led to the adoption of new technologies and machinery in metalworking and mining. Therefore, this option does not accurately reflect the historical context.

4) Postupove vytisnennia manufaktur kapitalistychnymy fabrykamy (Gradual displacement of manufactories by capitalist factories): - This option suggests that there was a gradual displacement of traditional manufactories by capitalist factories. This accurately reflects the historical context as the industrialization process in the Russian Empire, including Ukrainian lands, involved the transition from small-scale artisanal production to large-scale capitalist factories. The growth of capitalist factories led to the decline of traditional manufactories.

5) Zbilshennia roli pratsi kriposnykh selyan (Increase in the role of serf labor): - This option suggests that there was an increase in the role of serf labor in the industrial development of Ukrainian lands. It is important to note that serfdom was prevalent in the Russian Empire, including Ukrainian lands, during this period. Serfs were often employed in various industries, including agriculture and manufacturing. Therefore, this option accurately reflects the historical context.

6) Promyslovyi perevorot rozpochavsia na metalurhiinykh pidpryiemstvakh (Industrial revolution began in metallurgical enterprises): - This option suggests that the industrial revolution began in metallurgical enterprises. While the development of the metallurgical industry was indeed significant in Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire, it would be inaccurate to describe it as the sole starting point of the industrial revolution. The industrialization process in the region involved multiple industries and sectors.

7) Vynyknennia novykh haluzey promyslovosti (Emergence of new industrial sectors): - This option suggests that new industrial sectors emerged during this period. The industrialization process in the Russian Empire, including Ukrainian lands, did witness the emergence of new industries such as coal mining, iron and steel production, textile manufacturing, and sugar refining. Therefore, this option accurately reflects the historical context.

In conclusion, the tendencies that accurately reflect the development of industry in Ukrainian lands within the Russian Empire in the first half of the 19th century are:

- Gradual displacement of manufactories by capitalist factories. - Increase in the role of serf labor. - Emergence of new industrial sectors.

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