Question

3. В чём заключалась главная идея «просвещённого абсолютизма»? ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Главной целью этой политики было создание централизованной монархии с эффективной системой управления и «непреложными» законами, определявшими права сословий.

Answer 2

The Main Idea of "Enlightened Absolutism"

The main idea of "enlightened absolutism" was a political philosophy that emerged in the 18th century in Europe. It was a form of monarchy in which rulers aimed to govern with enlightened principles while maintaining their absolute power. Enlightened absolutist monarchs believed that they had a duty to promote the welfare and progress of their subjects, and they sought to implement reforms and policies that would benefit society as a whole.

Enlightened absolutism was characterized by a combination of Enlightenment ideas and absolute monarchy. It was influenced by the intellectual movement of the Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, science, and progress. Enlightened absolutist rulers believed that they could use their power to bring about positive changes in society, such as promoting education, improving the economy, and implementing legal reforms.

Key Principles of Enlightened Absolutism

The main principles of enlightened absolutism can be summarized as follows:

1. Rationality and Reason: Enlightened absolutist rulers believed in the power of reason and rationality. They sought to apply these principles to governance and decision-making, aiming to create more efficient and effective policies.

2. Social Welfare: Enlightened absolutist rulers aimed to promote the welfare of their subjects. They implemented reforms to improve education, healthcare, and social services, with the goal of creating a more just and prosperous society.

3. Legal Reforms: Enlightened absolutist rulers sought to reform the legal system to ensure fairness and justice. They aimed to create a legal framework that protected the rights of individuals and promoted equality before the law.

4. Religious Tolerance: Many enlightened absolutist rulers advocated for religious tolerance and freedom of thought. They believed in the importance of religious freedom and sought to create an environment where different religious beliefs could coexist peacefully.

5. Economic Development: Enlightened absolutist rulers recognized the importance of economic development for the well-being of their subjects. They implemented policies to promote trade, industry, and agriculture, aiming to stimulate economic growth and improve living standards.

Examples of Enlightened Absolutist Rulers

Several rulers in Europe embraced the principles of enlightened absolutism. Here are a few notable examples:

1. Frederick the Great of Prussia (reigned 1740-1786): Frederick II implemented various reforms, including religious tolerance, legal reforms, and improvements in education. He also promoted the arts and sciences, making Prussia a center of intellectual and cultural activity.

2. Joseph II of Austria (reigned 1780-1790): Joseph II introduced numerous reforms aimed at improving the lives of his subjects. He abolished serfdom, implemented religious reforms, and introduced measures to improve the legal system and public administration.

3. Catherine the Great of Russia (reigned 1762-1796): Catherine II pursued policies aimed at modernizing Russia. She expanded education, promoted arts and culture, and implemented legal reforms. However, her rule was also marked by authoritarian tendencies.

Conclusion

The main idea of "enlightened absolutism" was to combine the principles of the Enlightenment with absolute monarchy. Enlightened absolutist rulers aimed to govern with reason and rationality, promote social welfare, implement legal reforms, encourage religious tolerance, and stimulate economic development. Several rulers in Europe embraced these principles and implemented various reforms during their reigns.