Question

Исключите лишнее. Причинами раздробленности русских земель были: Выберите один ответ: a. Натуральный характер хозяйства в боярской вотчине и крестьянской общине. b. Отсутствие твёрдого и определённого порядка наследования киевского престола. c. Распространение власти русской православной церкви на всю территорию Руси. d. Поддержка городским населением, власти удельного князя, желание иметь на престоле не киевского наместника, а собственного князя, отстаивающего их интересы.

Answer 1

Ответ:

Лишним является пункт с. Распространение власти русской православной церкви вообще, по идее, сплачивает народ. Пункты b и d наоборот, являются причинами раздробленности.

Ответ: нужно исключить пункт с.

Answer 2

Causes of the Fragmentation of Russian Lands

The fragmentation of Russian lands was influenced by several factors. Let's examine the options provided and determine which one is not a cause of the fragmentation:

a. Natural character of the economy in the boyar estate and peasant commune: The natural character of the economy in the boyar estate and peasant commune was indeed a contributing factor to the fragmentation of Russian lands. The boyar estate and peasant commune were self-sufficient economic units that operated independently, leading to a decentralized system of governance and administration.

b. Absence of a solid and definite order of succession to the Kyivan throne: The absence of a solid and definite order of succession to the Kyivan throne was also a significant factor in the fragmentation of Russian lands. The lack of clear rules for succession led to power struggles and conflicts among different factions, resulting in the division of territories.

c. Expansion of power by the Russian Orthodox Church throughout the territory of Rus: The expansion of power by the Russian Orthodox Church across the territory of Rus was not a direct cause of the fragmentation of Russian lands. While the Church played a significant role in the cultural and religious life of the people, it did not have a direct impact on the political fragmentation of the lands.

d. Support from the urban population, the authority of the appanage prince, and the desire to have their own prince on the throne: The support from the urban population, the authority of the appanage prince, and the desire to have their own prince on the throne were all contributing factors to the fragmentation of Russian lands. The urban population sought to have a prince who would protect their interests, leading to the emergence of multiple principalities with their own rulers.

Based on the options provided, c. "Rasprostranenie vlasti russkoi pravoslavnoi tserkvi na vsyu territoriyu Rusi" (Expansion of power by the Russian Orthodox Church throughout the territory of Rus) is the option that can be excluded as it is not a cause of the fragmentation of Russian lands.

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