Question

Определить возможности социально-экономического Казахстана в середине 80-годов

Answer 1

Ответ:

Благодаря специалистам беспрецедентно успешную модернизацию получила Казахская ССР. В республике производились химикаты, машины и оборудование, бакалейные товары, синтетический каучук, текстильные и многие другие изделия обрабатывающей промышленности.

С 1955 по 1985 года на просторах советского Казахстана было построено 43 города, в том числе такие промышленные центры, как Рудный, Экибастуз, Актау, Аркалык, Степногорск, Кентау, Темиртау и Лисаковск. В 1965 году Казахстан выпускал 10,6 % высоковольтной аппаратуры, 6,5 % прокатного, 10 % обогатительного оборудования к их общему производству в стране.

В период с 1981 по 1986 год в Казахстане было построено более 400 предприятий. Машиностроение,и металлообработка были крупными отраслями промышленности республики. Работали машиностроительные заводы в городах Алма-Ата, Усть-Каменогорск, Караганда, Уральск, Петропавловск и Павлодар. Продукция Алматинского завода тяжёлого машиностроения поставлялась почти в 50 стран мира, в том числе в Западную Европу и Японию.

Answer 2

Social and Economic Situation in Kazakhstan in the mid-1980s

During the mid-1980s, Kazakhstan, like other Soviet republics, was part of the Soviet Union and operated under a centrally planned economy. The social and economic situation in Kazakhstan during this period was influenced by various factors, including the policies of the Soviet government, the state of the Soviet economy, and the specific circumstances within Kazakhstan itself.

1. Economic Development: - In the mid-1980s, Kazakhstan was one of the most economically developed Soviet republics, with a strong emphasis on industrial production and natural resource extraction. - The country's economy was heavily dependent on the production of oil, gas, coal, and other minerals, which accounted for a significant portion of its export earnings. - Kazakhstan also had a well-developed agricultural sector, with the production of wheat, cotton, and livestock playing a crucial role in the country's economy.

2. Industrialization and Urbanization: - The mid-1980s saw continued industrialization and urbanization in Kazakhstan. The government invested heavily in the development of industrial infrastructure, including factories, power plants, and transportation networks. - As a result, many cities in Kazakhstan experienced rapid growth, with an increasing number of people moving from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment opportunities.

3. Social Welfare and Standard of Living: - The Soviet government placed a strong emphasis on social welfare, and Kazakhstan was no exception. The state provided free healthcare, education, and housing to its citizens. - However, despite these social welfare programs, the standard of living in Kazakhstan varied across different regions and social groups. Urban areas generally had better access to services and higher living standards compared to rural areas.

4. Challenges and Issues: - Despite its economic development, Kazakhstan faced various challenges during the mid-1980s. These included environmental issues, such as pollution and the depletion of natural resources, as well as infrastructure deficiencies and regional disparities. - Additionally, the Soviet economy as a whole was facing difficulties, including stagnation and inefficiencies. These issues had an impact on Kazakhstan's economy and contributed to economic challenges within the country.

5. Political and Social Climate: - The mid-1980s marked a period of political and social change in the Soviet Union, with the beginning of Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, known as perestroika and glasnost. These reforms aimed to address the economic and political challenges facing the Soviet Union. - In Kazakhstan, these reforms led to increased political openness and public discussions about social and economic issues. However, they also brought to the surface long-standing tensions and grievances, particularly related to ethnic and national identity.

In conclusion, in the mid-1980s, Kazakhstan was a relatively economically developed Soviet republic with a strong emphasis on industrial production and natural resource extraction. The country experienced continued industrialization and urbanization, with a well-developed agricultural sector. The standard of living varied across regions and social groups, and the country faced challenges such as environmental issues and infrastructure deficiencies. The political and social climate was influenced by the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev.