Question

Военный коммунизм. ?​

Answer 1

1918-1921 - политика военного коиунизма:

1) национализаци промышленности

2) всеобщая трудовая повинность

3) карточная система рзпределения продуктов

4) земля раздавалась селянам

5) милитаризация труда

6) отмена денег

7) запрещена приватная торговля

8) продразвёрстка

Answer 2

The Concept of Military Communism

Military communism refers to the economic and political system that was implemented in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War, particularly from 1918 to 1921. This system was characterized by the centralization of state power, nationalization of industry and resources, and the implementation of strict measures to ensure the supply of the Red Army and the industrial workforce.

The policies of military communism were aimed at consolidating the power of the Bolsheviks, supporting the Red Army, and ensuring the survival of the new Soviet state in the face of internal and external threats. The key features of military communism included:

1. Nationalization of Industry: Under military communism, the state took control of major industries, banks, and transportation systems to ensure centralized management and allocation of resources.

2. Forced Requisitioning: The state implemented policies of forced requisitioning of grain and other agricultural products from the peasantry to feed the Red Army and urban population. This often led to resistance and widespread famine in rural areas.

3. Centralized Control: The government exercised strict control over economic and political activities, often resorting to coercive measures to enforce its policies.

4. Labor Discipline: The state imposed strict labor discipline, including measures such as compulsory labor duty and the suppression of strikes, to ensure the functioning of essential industries and support for the war effort.

Legacy and Impact

The period of military communism had a profound impact on the development of the Soviet state and its economic policies. While it played a crucial role in ensuring the survival of the Bolshevik regime during a time of intense conflict and instability, it also led to significant social and economic upheaval. The policies of forced requisitioning and centralized control resulted in widespread hardship and resistance, particularly in rural areas.

The legacy of military communism also influenced subsequent economic policies in the Soviet Union, as the experience of centralized control and state-directed industrialization became foundational to the development of Soviet economic planning and the command economy.

Overall, the concept of military communism represents a critical phase in the early history of the Soviet Union, characterized by the prioritization of state control and the mobilization of resources for the purposes of war and state-building.

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