Question

Поміркуйте, що було справжньою метою опричини.доберіть докази на підтвердження своїх міркувань​

Answer 1

Ответ:Протягом другої половини XV - першої третини XVI ст. в Московському князівстві склалася система самодержавства. За рахунок приєднання нових територій Московське князівство стало найбільшою державою Європи. Зміцненню царської влади сприяла політика Івана IV (1533-1584 рр.). У 1547 р. Іван IV прийняв титул «цар». Держава почала називатися Московське царство

Объяснение:

Answer 2

The True Purpose of the Crusades

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by Western European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries. The primary goal of the Crusades was to recapture the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, from Muslim control. However, the true purpose of the Crusades is a complex and debated topic among historians.

One perspective is that the Crusades were driven by religious fervor and the desire to reclaim the birthplace of Christianity. The Pope and other religious leaders of the time saw the Crusades as a holy mission to defend Christianity and expand its influence. They believed that by liberating Jerusalem and the Holy Land, they would secure salvation for themselves and their fellow Christians. This religious motivation is evident in the speeches and writings of key figures like Pope Urban II, who called for the First Crusade in 1095.

Another perspective suggests that the Crusades were not solely motivated by religious zeal but also by political, economic, and social factors. Some historians argue that the Crusades were a response to the changing dynamics of medieval Europe, including overpopulation, land scarcity, and the desire for wealth and power. The Crusades provided an opportunity for younger sons of nobility to gain land, wealth, and prestige through military conquest. Additionally, the Crusades allowed Western European powers to redirect internal conflicts and rivalries outward, uniting Christians against a common enemy.

Evidence supporting these perspectives can be found in historical sources. For example, Pope Urban II's speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095 emphasized the religious duty of Christians to defend their faith and liberate the Holy Land [[1]]. Similarly, contemporary chronicles like the Gesta Francorum (The Deeds of the Franks) and the Historia Hierosolymitana (The History of Jerusalem) provide accounts of the religious fervor and motivations of the Crusaders [[2]].

On the other hand, evidence of political and economic motivations can be seen in the actions of Crusaders. For instance, the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1204, was driven by political and economic interests rather than a direct focus on the Holy Land [[3]]. Additionally, the establishment of Crusader states in the Levant, such as the Kingdom of Jerusalem, demonstrated the desire for territorial control and economic gain.

In conclusion, the true purpose of the Crusades was a complex combination of religious, political, economic, and social factors. While religious motivations played a significant role, the Crusades were also influenced by the desire for power, wealth, and territorial control. The evidence supporting these perspectives can be found in historical speeches, chronicles, and the actions of the Crusaders themselves.