Question

Киев стал центром объединения славянских племен, потому что: а) он занимал выгодное географическое положение б) киевские князья вели мудрую, дальновидную политику в) оказала влияние Византия, которой это было выгодно г) находился на пути «из варяг в греки» 3. Необходимость защиты от набегов степняков заставляли славян объединиться в племенные союзы, во главе которых обычно становился: а) старейшина одного из родов б) самый опытный князь в) князь ведущего племени г) самый опытный воин 4. Хозяйство крупных князей не замыкалось на одной вотчине, а зачастую имело еще и погосты. Погосты -это а) поселки, где жили крестьяне-общинники и крестьяне-смерды б) места сбора дани с крестьян-общинников и крестьян-смердов в) прототипы пограничных застав, где жили воины-дружинники г) небольшие вотчины зависимых от князя бояр 5. Временем образования Древнерусского государства принято считать: а) начало VI века б) вторую половину VII века в) во вторую половину IX века г) начало V века 6. Нормы сбора дани были введены: а) Рюриком б) Олегом в) Святославом г) Ольгой 7. После смерти князя Святослава в Киеве стал княжить: а) Ярополк б) Владимир в) Олег г) Ярослав 8. Киевского князя Владимира I народ любовно называл Красное Солнышко за: а) хлебосольство в) создание оборонительных линий и отпор натиску печенегов б) красоту г) принадлежность к лику святых

Answer 1

Ответ:

Наверно: «из варяг в греки»

Answer 2

Introduction

Kiev became the center of the unification of Slavic tribes for several reasons. These reasons include its advantageous geographical location, the wise and far-sighted policies of the Kiev princes, the influence of Byzantium, its position on the trade route known as the "from the Varangians to the Greeks," and the need for protection against steppe nomad raids, which forced the Slavs to unite in tribal alliances. The economy of the major princes was not limited to a single estate but often included pogosts, which were settlements where peasant communities and serfs lived, as well as places for collecting tribute from peasant communities and serfs, and prototypes of border outposts where warriors served. The formation of the Ancient Rus state is generally considered to have begun in the 6th century and continued into the 9th century. The norms of tribute collection were introduced by various rulers, including Rurik, Oleg, Svyatoslav, and Olga. After the death of Prince Svyatoslav, Vladimir I became the ruler of Kiev. He was affectionately called the "Red Sun" by the people of Kiev due to his benevolence, the creation of defensive lines, resistance to the Pechenegs, and his beauty.

Now let's go into more detail on each point.

1. Geographical Location

Kiev's advantageous geographical location played a significant role in its becoming the center of the unification of Slavic tribes. Situated on the Dnieper River, Kiev was strategically positioned for trade and communication between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. Its location allowed for easy access to various trade routes, including the important trade route known as the "from the Varangians to the Greeks." This route connected the Scandinavian countries with the Byzantine Empire, passing through Kiev. The favorable location of Kiev made it a hub for economic and cultural exchange.

2. Wise and Far-Sighted Policies of the Kiev Princes

The Kiev princes played a crucial role in the unification of Slavic tribes. They pursued wise and far-sighted policies that helped consolidate their power and attract other tribes to Kiev. The princes established alliances, formed military alliances, and engaged in diplomatic relations with neighboring tribes. They also implemented effective governance and administration systems, which contributed to the stability and prosperity of Kiev. The wise policies of the Kiev princes helped create a favorable environment for the unification of Slavic tribes.

3. Influence of Byzantium

The influence of Byzantium was another factor that contributed to Kiev becoming the center of the unification of Slavic tribes. Byzantium had a significant impact on the political, cultural, and religious development of the region. The Byzantine Empire served as a model for the Kiev princes in terms of governance, administration, and Christianity. The princes sought to emulate the Byzantine political and cultural practices, which helped strengthen their authority and attract other tribes to Kiev. The influence of Byzantium provided a sense of prestige and legitimacy to the Kiev princes, making Kiev an attractive center for the Slavic tribes.

4. Protection against Steppe Nomad Raids

The need for protection against steppe nomad raids was a crucial factor that forced the Slavic tribes to unite in tribal alliances. The steppe nomads, such as the Pechenegs and the Cumans, posed a constant threat to the settled Slavic tribes. To defend themselves against these raids, the Slavic tribes formed alliances and elected leaders who could effectively organize their defense. The leaders who emerged as the heads of these tribal alliances often became the princes of Kiev. The need for protection against steppe nomad raids created a strong incentive for the Slavic tribes to unite and establish a centralized power in Kiev.

5. Economy and Pogosts

The economy of the major Kiev princes was not limited to a single estate. They often had additional settlements called pogosts. Pogosts were places where peasant communities and serfs lived. They served as centers for collecting tribute from peasant communities and serfs. Pogosts also functioned as prototypes of border outposts where warriors served. These pogosts were dependent on the prince and his boyars. The presence of pogosts expanded the economic and administrative influence of the Kiev princes, contributing to the consolidation of their power and the attraction of other tribes to Kiev.

6. Formation of the Ancient Rus State

The formation of the Ancient Rus state is generally considered to have begun in the 6th century and continued into the 9th century. The exact timeline and process of its formation are complex and subject to historical debate. However, historians generally agree that the unification of Slavic tribes under the leadership of the Kiev princes played a significant role in the establishment of the Ancient Rus state. The consolidation of power in Kiev and the subsequent expansion of its influence over neighboring territories laid the foundation for the development of a centralized state structure.

7. Norms of Tribute Collection

The norms of tribute collection were introduced by various rulers in Kiev. Rulers such as Rurik, Oleg, Svyatoslav, and Olga implemented systems for collecting tribute from the subject tribes. These tribute collections helped strengthen the authority and economic power of the Kiev princes. The introduction of tribute collection norms was an important aspect of governance and administration in the early stages of the Ancient Rus state.

8. Succession of Kiev Princes

After the death of Prince Svyatoslav, Vladimir I became the ruler of Kiev. He was affectionately called the "Red Sun" by the people of Kiev. This nickname was given to him due to several reasons. Firstly, Vladimir I was known for his benevolence and care for his subjects. He implemented policies that aimed to improve the welfare of the people and promote social harmony. Secondly, he created defensive lines and successfully resisted the Pechenegs, protecting Kiev from external threats. Lastly, Vladimir I was known for his physical beauty, which earned him admiration and respect from the people of Kiev.

I hope this provides a detailed answer to your question about why Kiev became the center of the unification of Slavic tribes. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!