Question

Действия по укреплению личной власти Людовика 14​

Answer 1

Ответ:

С 1661 года Людовик XIV правил самостоятельно: за пятьдесят четыре года личного правления он сумел добиться единства для Французского государства, о чём мечтали Филипп IV, Людовик XI и Ришельё. Именно в это время родилась классическая абсолютная монархия, которой восхищались французы и которой пытались подражать остальные монархи Европы.

Досадно, что одним из символов абсолютной власти стало приписываемое Людовику XIV высказывание: «Государство – это я!», или как она звучит в полном варианте: «Напрасно вы думаете, что Государство это вы, нет, государство – это я!» Фраза, которая может считаться непревзойденным образчиком эгоцентризма и монаршего самомнения, до сих пор продолжает быть одним из синонимов личности Людовика, как и прозвище «Король-Солнце».

В 1655 году Фуке предложил Парламенту утвердить внесением в свой реестр некоторые указы. Король прибыл в Парламент и одним своим присутствием сделал это внесение лишним: однако, как только он вышел из зала заседания, депутаты решили настоять на внесении этих указов в реестр. Приверженцы Конде, кардинала де Реца, старые фрондёры, которых было немало, подняли ропот. Прошло несколько дней, в продолжение которых ропот усилился до такой степени, что в один вечер король услышал его в Венсенне. Тогда Людовик послал Парламенту повеление собраться на другой день. Это повеление расстроило охоту, назначенную в тот день, королю пришлось выслушать множество возражений от придворных. Он успокоил их и уверил, что его присутствие в Парламенте не помешает забаве.

Answer 2

Actions to Strengthen Louis XIV's Personal Power

Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the King of France from 1643 to 1715. He is known for his efforts to centralize power and strengthen his personal authority. Here are some of the actions he took to achieve this:

1. Building the Palace of Versailles: One of Louis XIV's most significant actions was the construction of the Palace of Versailles. This grand palace served as the seat of government and symbolized the king's power and wealth. It allowed Louis XIV to keep a close eye on the nobility and control their activities.

2. Expansion of the Bureaucracy: Louis XIV expanded the bureaucracy to ensure greater control over the administration of the kingdom. He appointed loyal officials to key positions and established a system of intendants who were responsible for overseeing local governance. This helped him maintain control over the provinces and reduce the power of regional nobles.

3. Strengthening the Military: Louis XIV invested heavily in the military to project his power both domestically and internationally. He expanded the French army and modernized its tactics and equipment. This allowed him to assert his authority over the nobility and pursue an aggressive foreign policy.

4. Imposing Absolute Monarchy: Louis XIV believed in the divine right of kings and sought to establish an absolute monarchy. He centralized power in his own hands and diminished the influence of other institutions, such as the nobility and the Estates-General. He made decisions without consulting other authorities and expected unquestioning obedience from his subjects.

5. Controlling the Nobility: Louis XIV implemented policies to control the nobility and ensure their loyalty. He required the nobles to reside at the Palace of Versailles for a significant portion of the year, which allowed him to monitor their activities and prevent them from becoming a threat to his power. He also granted privileges and titles to those who remained loyal to him, further solidifying his control.

6. Revoking the Edict of Nantes: In 1685, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had granted religious freedom to French Protestants. This action aimed to consolidate religious unity under Catholicism and eliminate potential sources of opposition to his rule. It resulted in the persecution and forced conversion of many Protestants, leading to a loss of skilled workers and intellectuals.

7. Cultivating an Image of Grandeur: Louis XIV used art, architecture, and court rituals to cultivate an image of grandeur and magnificence. He surrounded himself with artists, musicians, and intellectuals who celebrated his reign and promoted his image as a powerful and enlightened ruler. This helped to reinforce his personal authority and enhance his reputation both at home and abroad.

These actions taken by Louis XIV helped to consolidate his personal power and establish France as a dominant European power during his reign. His centralized rule and emphasis on royal authority set the stage for the development of absolute monarchy in France.