Question

Як утворилась Швейцарія?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Дата заснування Швейцарської Конфедерації — 1 серпня 1291 року, коли три лісові кантони (землі) — Урі, Швіц і Унтервальден, захищаючи незалежність від австрійських Габсбургів, уклали оборонний союз («вічний союз») в рамках «священної Римської імперії».

Answer 2

Formation of Switzerland

Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in Central Europe. The formation of Switzerland can be traced back to the Middle Ages when various regions in the area began to unite for mutual defense and economic cooperation.

Early History: - The earliest settlements in the region that is now Switzerland date back to the Neolithic period, around 5000 BCE. - During the Roman era, the area was part of the Roman province of Raetia and later the province of Germania Superior. - After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region came under the control of various Germanic tribes.

Medieval Confederation: - The formation of Switzerland as a confederation began in the late 13th century. - The three original cantons, or member states, were Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, which formed an alliance known as the "Eidgenossenschaft" or "League of the Oath." - The confederation expanded over time as other regions joined, such as Lucerne, Zurich, and Bern. - The Swiss Confederation was primarily formed for mutual defense against external threats and to maintain internal peace.

Reformation and Expansion: - The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century had a significant impact on Switzerland. - The confederation experienced religious conflicts between Protestant and Catholic cantons, leading to the division of the country along religious lines. - In 1848, Switzerland adopted a new federal constitution, which established a more centralized government and provided for the separation of church and state. - The country gradually expanded its territory through diplomatic negotiations, purchases, and military campaigns.

Neutral Switzerland: - Switzerland has maintained a policy of neutrality since the Treaty of Paris in 1815, which ended the Napoleonic Wars. - This neutrality has allowed Switzerland to avoid involvement in major conflicts and has contributed to its reputation as a diplomatic and humanitarian hub. - Switzerland is not a member of the European Union but has numerous agreements and treaties with the EU.

Modern Switzerland: - Today, Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons. - It is known for its political stability, high standard of living, and strong economy. - Switzerland is famous for its banking sector, watchmaking industry, and its role as a global center for diplomacy and international organizations.