Question

Задание 4. Перечислите факты, свидетельствовавшие о  развитии капитализма в Казахстане.(4-5)​

Answer 1

Ответ:

началось строительство железных дорог и городов;

— стали развиваться отношения "товар — деньги";

— кочевая форма хозяйствования стала переходить в полукочевую

и оседлую;

— социальное расслоение населения продолжалось и появились новые социальные группы (рабочие, жатаки, батраки и т. д.).

Answer 2

Facts about the Development of Capitalism in Kazakhstan:

1. Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises: One of the key factors that contributed to the development of capitalism in Kazakhstan was the privatization of state-owned enterprises. After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan embarked on an economic reform program that aimed to transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented system. As part of this process, many state-owned enterprises were privatized, allowing private individuals and companies to take ownership and control of these enterprises [[1]].

2. Foreign Direct Investment: Another important factor in the development of capitalism in Kazakhstan is the influx of foreign direct investment (FDI). Since the early 2000s, Kazakhstan has actively sought to attract foreign investment to diversify its economy and promote economic growth. The government has implemented various measures to create a favorable investment climate, including the establishment of special economic zones and the simplification of administrative procedures for foreign investors. As a result, many multinational corporations have established operations in Kazakhstan, contributing to the growth of capitalism in the country [[2]].

3. Market-oriented Reforms: Kazakhstan has implemented a series of market-oriented reforms to create a conducive environment for the development of capitalism. These reforms include the liberalization of trade and investment, the introduction of market-based pricing mechanisms, the establishment of a competitive banking sector, and the adoption of business-friendly regulations. These measures have helped to stimulate private sector activity, encourage entrepreneurship, and foster competition, all of which are essential for the development of capitalism [[3]].

4. Emergence of a Stock Exchange: The establishment of the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) in 1993 has played a significant role in the development of capitalism in the country. The stock exchange provides a platform for companies to raise capital through the issuance of stocks and bonds, and for investors to trade securities. The presence of a well-functioning stock exchange is crucial for the development of a capital market and the growth of capitalism, as it facilitates the mobilization of savings and the allocation of capital to productive investments [[4]].

5. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development: The promotion of entrepreneurship and the development of small businesses have been key priorities for the government of Kazakhstan in its efforts to foster capitalism. Various programs and initiatives have been implemented to support aspiring entrepreneurs, including the provision of financial assistance, business development services, and training programs. These efforts have helped to create a vibrant small business sector, which is an important engine of economic growth and a key component of a capitalist economy [[5]].

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and should be verified for accuracy and up-to-date information.