Question

Перечислите проблемы в отношениях СССР и восточноевропейских социалистических стран. Как Советский Союз решал эти проблемы? ​

Answer 1

Відповідь:
CCCP B 1965-1985 rr.
Кризисные явления во всех сферах общества
Экономика
Политика
- Возврат к скрытому сталинизму.
Незавершенная экономическая
реформа 1965 г.
Падение темпов экономического роста с 7,7% до 3,5 %
Падение
роста
производительности труда с 6,8% до 3%
Кризис в аграрном секторе и
обострение продовольственной
проблемы.
Ухудшение
экологического
стояния
земли вследствие чрезмерной химизации и мелиорации.


Отставание в области HTP
Приоритет экстенсивных экономического развития
форм
- Полная бюрократизация власти
- Геронтократия (власть
старцев)
- Диктат партийно государственного аппаратаПолитикиHTPаппаратаПолитикиHTP

Пояснення:

Answer 2

Problems in the Relations between the USSR and Eastern European Socialist Countries

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union (USSR) had complex relationships with the Eastern European socialist countries. These relationships were characterized by a number of problems and challenges. Here are some of the key problems that arose:

1. Soviet Domination: One of the main issues was the perception of Soviet domination over the Eastern European countries. The USSR exerted significant political, economic, and military influence over these countries, which led to a lack of independence and autonomy.

2. Limited Political Freedom: The Eastern European countries under Soviet influence experienced limited political freedom. The Soviet Union imposed a one-party system and suppressed dissent, leading to a lack of political pluralism and democratic processes.

3. Economic Dependency: The Eastern European countries were economically dependent on the Soviet Union. They were integrated into the Soviet-led Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), which prioritized economic cooperation within the socialist bloc. This dependency limited their economic development and hindered their ability to pursue independent economic policies.

4. Cultural and Social Control: The Soviet Union also exerted control over the cultural and social spheres of the Eastern European countries. This included promoting Soviet-style education, media censorship, and the suppression of cultural expressions that deviated from the Soviet model.

5. National Identity and Ethnic Tensions: The Eastern European countries had diverse ethnic and national identities, which sometimes clashed with the Soviet Union's goal of promoting a unified socialist bloc. Ethnic tensions and conflicts occasionally arose, challenging the cohesion of the socialist alliance.

How the Soviet Union Addressed these Problems

The Soviet Union employed various strategies to address the problems in its relations with the Eastern European socialist countries:

1. Military Presence: The USSR maintained a significant military presence in Eastern Europe to ensure its control and deter any potential challenges to its authority. This military presence acted as a deterrent against external threats and internal dissent.

2. Political Cooperation: The Soviet Union fostered political cooperation with the Eastern European countries through the establishment of the Warsaw Pact in 1955. This military alliance solidified the Soviet Union's influence and provided a framework for coordination and cooperation among the socialist countries.

3. Economic Aid and Assistance: The Soviet Union provided economic aid and assistance to the Eastern European countries to support their economic development and maintain their loyalty. This aid included financial assistance, trade agreements, and investments in infrastructure projects.

4. Propaganda and Ideological Indoctrination: The Soviet Union used propaganda and ideological indoctrination to promote socialist values and maintain control over the Eastern European countries. This included promoting the Soviet model as the ideal socialist system and suppressing dissenting ideologies.

5. Repression and Control: The Soviet Union employed repressive measures to suppress any challenges to its authority in Eastern Europe. This included political purges, surveillance, and the suppression of dissenting voices.

It is important to note that the Soviet Union's approach to addressing these problems varied over time and was influenced by changing geopolitical dynamics and internal factors within the USSR itself.