Question

Объясните, чем обусловлены темпы роста мирового водопотребления на планете (приведите не менее четырех доказательств). Проранжирируйте их по значимости.  

Answer 1

Factors Contributing to the Growth of Global Water Consumption

The growth of global water consumption can be attributed to several factors. Here are four key reasons, ranked in order of significance:

1. Population Growth: The increasing global population is one of the primary drivers of rising water consumption. As the population grows, so does the demand for water for drinking, sanitation, and agriculture. According to the United Nations, the world's population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, further increasing the demand for water [[1]].

2. Agricultural Expansion: Agriculture is a major consumer of water resources. The expansion of agricultural land, particularly in developing countries, has led to increased water usage. Irrigation, which is essential for crop production, accounts for a significant portion of global water consumption. As countries strive to meet the growing demand for food, water consumption in agriculture continues to rise [[2]].

3. Industrialization and Economic Growth: Industrial activities require substantial amounts of water for manufacturing processes, cooling systems, and energy production. As countries undergo industrialization and experience economic growth, the demand for water in industries increases. This is particularly evident in sectors such as energy, manufacturing, and mining. Rapidly developing countries like China and India have witnessed a surge in industrial water consumption [[3]].

4. Changing Lifestyles and Consumption Patterns: Changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns also contribute to the growth of global water consumption. As living standards improve, people tend to consume more water-intensive products and services. For example, the production of meat requires significantly more water compared to plant-based foods. The increasing demand for meat, especially in emerging economies, puts additional pressure on water resources [[4]].

These factors collectively contribute to the growth of global water consumption. While population growth and agricultural expansion are considered the most significant drivers, industrialization and changing consumption patterns also play a substantial role.

[[1]] Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. [[2]] Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). AQUASTAT - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture. [[3]] Source: United Nations Industrial Development Organization. (2018). Industrial Water Use. [[4]] Source: Water Footprint Network. (n.d.). Water Footprint Assessment.