Question

Почему меторождения нефти и газа приурочены к окраинам материка а каменного угля к их центральной части?

Answer 1

Башкирия и Татария, где добывают нефть, Бухара (в Узбекистане) где добывают газ, находятся далеко от края материка, а каменный уголь добывают даже на Шпицбергене, т. е. даже на острове, за пределами материка. Так, что твоя изначальная посылка в корне неверна.

Answer 2

Why are oil and gas deposits located on the outskirts of continents while coal is found in their central parts?

The distribution of oil, gas, and coal deposits is influenced by various geological processes and factors. While there are exceptions, the general pattern is that oil and gas deposits are often found on the outskirts of continents, while coal deposits are more commonly found in the central parts.

Oil and Gas Deposits: Oil and gas deposits are typically formed from the remains of marine organisms, such as plankton, that lived in ancient oceans. Over millions of years, these organic materials were buried under layers of sediment and subjected to heat and pressure, leading to the formation of oil and gas. The process of oil and gas formation is known as organic sedimentation.

The distribution of oil and gas deposits is influenced by several factors, including the presence of source rocks, reservoir rocks, and traps. Source rocks are organic-rich sedimentary rocks that contain the precursor materials for oil and gas. These rocks are often found in marine environments, such as coastal areas or shallow seas, where the conditions for organic sedimentation are favorable.

Reservoir rocks, on the other hand, are porous and permeable rocks that can hold and transmit oil and gas. These rocks are typically sandstones or limestone formations that have the necessary characteristics to store hydrocarbons.

Traps are geological structures or formations that prevent the upward migration of oil and gas, allowing them to accumulate in reservoir rocks. Traps can be formed by various mechanisms, such as folding and faulting of the Earth's crust, or by the presence of impermeable rocks that act as barriers to the movement of hydrocarbons.

The location of oil and gas deposits on the outskirts of continents can be attributed to the geological history of the Earth's crust. Over millions of years, tectonic forces have shaped the Earth's crust, causing the formation of mountain ranges, basins, and other geological features. These processes have led to the creation of favorable conditions for the accumulation of oil and gas in certain areas, often near the edges of continents.

Coal Deposits: Coal, on the other hand, is formed from the remains of ancient plants that lived in swampy environments. These plants accumulated in large quantities and were eventually buried under layers of sediment. Over time, the heat and pressure from the overlying sediment transformed the plant material into coal.

Coal deposits are typically found in the central parts of continents because these areas were once covered by extensive swamps and marshes. The formation of coal requires specific environmental conditions, including abundant plant growth, stagnant water, and limited oxygen supply. These conditions were more prevalent in the central parts of continents during certain geological periods.

The distribution of coal deposits is also influenced by factors such as the availability of plant material, the presence of sedimentary basins, and the tectonic history of the region. Coal deposits are often associated with sedimentary basins, which are areas of the Earth's crust that have subsided and accumulated thick layers of sediment over time.

In summary, the distribution of oil, gas, and coal deposits is influenced by various geological processes and factors. While oil and gas deposits are often found on the outskirts of continents, coal deposits are more commonly found in the central parts. These patterns can be attributed to the geological history of the Earth's crust, the presence of source rocks, reservoir rocks, traps, and the environmental conditions required for the formation of oil, gas, and coal.