Question

Одна из крупнейших экологических катастроф, произошедших в Средней Азии в 20 веке, связана с постройкой... 1) каракумского канала 2) бухтарминского водохранилища 3) китайско восточной железной дороги 4) кокаральской плотины 5) волго Каспийского судоходного канала

Answer 1

3)Т.к. желкеная дорога загрязняет экологию

Answer 2

One of the largest environmental disasters in Central Asia in the 20th century is associated with the construction of the Karakum Canal.

The Karakum Canal, also known as the Kara-Kum Canal or the Turkmenian Canal, is a major irrigation canal in Central Asia. It was constructed in the 1950s and 1960s in Turkmenistan, with the aim of diverting water from the Amu Darya River to irrigate the arid Karakum Desert. The construction of the canal had significant environmental and ecological consequences.

The major environmental impact of the Karakum Canal includes:

1. Water depletion: The diversion of water from the Amu Darya River to the Karakum Canal has led to a significant reduction in the river's flow downstream, affecting the water supply for downstream countries such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

2. Salinization: The irrigation water from the Karakum Canal contains high levels of salts, which accumulate in the soil over time. This salinization has led to the degradation of agricultural land and reduced crop yields in the region.

3. Loss of biodiversity: The construction of the canal and the subsequent irrigation projects have resulted in the loss of natural habitats and ecosystems. Wetlands and marshes along the Amu Darya River have been drained, leading to the loss of biodiversity and the decline of species that depend on these habitats.

4. Desertification: The diversion of water from the Amu Darya River has disrupted the natural flow of water in the region, which has contributed to the expansion of the Karakum Desert. The lack of water downstream has led to the drying up of wetlands and the degradation of vegetation, resulting in desertification.

5. Social and economic impacts: The environmental consequences of the Karakum Canal have also had significant social and economic impacts on the local population. The loss of agricultural land and declining crop yields have affected the livelihoods of farmers, leading to increased poverty and migration from rural areas.

It is important to note that the Karakum Canal is just one example of the environmental challenges faced in Central Asia. Other major environmental issues in the region include water scarcity, pollution, and the shrinking of the Aral Sea.