Question

Користуючись шкільним атласом, опишіть способи картографічного зображення на одній із тематичних карт. Поясніть доцільність їх використання. Які об’єкти чи явища ви зобразили б у інший спосіб?

Answer 1

Ответ.

• Способи картографічного зображення:
• - спосіб якісного фону
• - точковий спосіб (показує наявність об'єктів)
• - спосіб ареалів (показує територію)
• - спосіб лінійних знаків (кордони, нафтопроводи, газопроводи, лінії електропередач, дороги)
• - спосіб знаків руху (показують напрямок течії в море)
• - цифрові значки (позначення висоти)
• - спосіб значків (позначення корисних копалин)
• - геометричні значки (колом позначають потужність кВт / год, електростанції, центри переробки нафти і газу)
• - спосіб діаграм (діаграми показують динаміку видобутку або розвитку).

Объяснение.

Візьмемо до прикладу тематичну карту народів світу.

На ній добре видно території, зайняті тими чи іншими мовними сім'ями і групами.

Це показано за допомогою якісного фону, також за допомогою цифрових значків вказані мовні сім'ї та групи.

#SPJ1

Answer 2

Methods of Cartographic Representation on Thematic Maps

Thematic maps are designed to represent specific themes or topics, such as population density, climate, or land use. There are several methods of cartographic representation that can be used on thematic maps. Here are a few examples:

1. Choropleth Maps: Choropleth maps use different colors or patterns to represent different values or categories within predefined areas, such as countries, states, or regions. This method is useful for showing variations in data across different geographic areas. For example, a choropleth map could be used to represent population density, with darker colors indicating higher population densities and lighter colors indicating lower densities.

2. Dot Density Maps: Dot density maps use dots to represent the quantity or density of a particular phenomenon within a given area. Each dot on the map represents a specific number of occurrences or a specific quantity. This method is useful for showing the distribution or concentration of a phenomenon. For example, a dot density map could be used to represent the distribution of wildlife species, with each dot representing a certain number of individuals.

3. Isoline Maps: Isoline maps use lines to connect points of equal value, such as temperature, elevation, or atmospheric pressure. These lines, called isolines, allow for the visualization of gradual changes in a particular phenomenon across a geographic area. Isoline maps are particularly useful for representing continuous data. For example, an isoline map could be used to represent elevation, with lines connecting points of equal elevation.

4. Proportional Symbol Maps: Proportional symbol maps use symbols of different sizes to represent the quantity or magnitude of a particular phenomenon. The size of the symbol corresponds to the value being represented. This method is useful for showing variations in data across different locations. For example, a proportional symbol map could be used to represent the number of COVID-19 cases in different cities, with larger symbols indicating higher case numbers.

Relevance and Usefulness of Different Methods

The choice of cartographic representation method depends on the nature of the data being represented and the purpose of the map. Each method has its own strengths and limitations. Here are some considerations:

- Choropleth maps are effective for showing patterns and variations across different areas. They are commonly used for representing demographic data, such as population density or income levels. However, they can sometimes be misleading if the areas being compared have different sizes or populations.

- Dot density maps are useful for showing the distribution or concentration of phenomena. They are commonly used for representing ecological or social data, such as wildlife populations or population densities. However, they can become cluttered and difficult to interpret if there are too many dots in a small area.

- Isoline maps are effective for showing gradual changes in a phenomenon across a geographic area. They are commonly used for representing physical or environmental data, such as temperature or elevation. However, they can be limited in their ability to represent discrete or categorical data.

- Proportional symbol maps are useful for showing variations in data across different locations. They are commonly used for representing quantitative data, such as disease rates or economic indicators. However, they can be limited in their ability to represent data that is not easily quantifiable.

Alternative Methods for Representing Objects or Phenomena

If we were to choose a different method of cartographic representation for a specific object or phenomenon, it would depend on the characteristics of that object or phenomenon. For example:

- If we wanted to represent the distribution of different vegetation types in a region, we could use a color-coded thematic map. Each color would represent a different vegetation type, allowing viewers to easily identify and compare the distribution of these types across the region.

- If we wanted to represent the distribution of earthquake epicenters in a specific area, we could use a dot density map. Each dot would represent the location of an earthquake epicenter, with the density of dots indicating areas of higher seismic activity.

- If we wanted to represent the changes in average annual temperature across a country, we could use an isoline map. Isolines would connect points of equal temperature, allowing viewers to visualize the temperature gradients and identify areas of higher or lower temperatures.

- If we wanted to represent the distribution of different religious groups in a city, we could use a proportional symbol map. Each symbol would represent a religious group, with the size of the symbol indicating the relative size of that group in different neighborhoods or districts.

In summary, the choice of cartographic representation method depends on the nature of the data and the purpose of the map. Different methods have different strengths and limitations, and the most appropriate method should be selected to effectively communicate the desired information.