Question

что такое теплые и холодные течения (с примерами), как возникают течения. Как влияет течение Гольфстрим на территорию России?зарание спасибо !!!!!!!!☺☺☺☻☻☻○○○

Answer 1

Если температура воды течения выше температуры окружающей воды, то течения называют теплым независимо от его температуры. В апреле на широте северного полярного круга в центральном участке температура воды в течение Гольфстрим равна +20°С. тогда как в нескольких сотнях километров к западу она всего на несколько градусов выше нуля -- это теплое течение. 

Если же температура воды течения ниже температуры окружающей воды, то оно называется холодным течением. 
В Канарском холодном течении температура воды держатся на уровне +22°C в летнее время и +18°C в зимнее. (Температура окружающей воды выше чем температура воды в Канарском течении, поэтому Канарское течение - холодное.)
Теплый и сверхкомфортный климат США и Западной Европы на 90% обусловлен отепляющим действием океанического течения «Гольфстрим», мощностью 50 млн. м3 теплой воды в секунду – десять в пятнадцатой степени киловатт (полтора петаватта) тепловой энергии. А это эквивалентно по мощности одному миллиону атомных электростанций, которые столетиями обогревают Европу, США и Канаду (прилегающие к Атлантике районы). Эта «тепловая добавка» на 8-10ºС повышает температуру в Европе и США, и даже на 2º в Москве! Среднегодовая температура российской столицы +3,8ºС. 

Answer 2

Warm and Cold Ocean Currents

Warm and cold ocean currents are large-scale movements of ocean water that have different temperatures. These currents play a crucial role in regulating Earth's climate and redistributing heat around the globe.

Warm ocean currents are characterized by higher temperatures compared to the surrounding water. They typically originate in tropical regions and flow towards higher latitudes. Examples of warm ocean currents include the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic and the Kuroshio Current in the western Pacific.

Cold ocean currents, on the other hand, have lower temperatures compared to the surrounding water. They usually originate in polar or high-latitude regions and flow towards lower latitudes. Examples of cold ocean currents include the Labrador Current in the North Atlantic and the California Current in the eastern Pacific.

Formation of Ocean Currents

Ocean currents are primarily driven by two main factors: wind and density differences. Wind-driven currents, also known as surface currents, are influenced by the prevailing winds and the rotation of the Earth. These currents generally occur in the upper 400 meters of the ocean and can move vast amounts of water.

Density-driven currents, also known as thermohaline currents, are influenced by differences in water density caused by variations in temperature and salinity. These currents occur in the deeper layers of the ocean and are slower and more persistent than surface currents.

The combination of wind-driven and density-driven currents creates a complex system of ocean circulation, with warm and cold currents interacting and influencing each other.

The Gulf Stream and its Impact on Russia

The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of the United States before crossing the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. It is one of the most well-known warm ocean currents and has a significant impact on the climate of the regions it passes through.

The Gulf Stream carries warm water and heat from the tropics towards higher latitudes, including the North Atlantic. As it flows northward, it helps to moderate the climate of the eastern coast of the United States and Western Europe, making these regions milder and more temperate than other areas at similar latitudes.

The influence of the Gulf Stream on the territory of Russia is indirect. The warm waters carried by the Gulf Stream contribute to the overall warming effect on the North Atlantic region, which affects the atmospheric circulation patterns. This, in turn, can influence weather patterns and climate conditions in Russia, particularly in the northern regions.

It is important to note that the Gulf Stream is just one component of the larger oceanic and atmospheric circulation system, and its influence on Russia's climate is complex and can vary depending on other factors such as seasonal variations, atmospheric conditions, and interactions with other ocean currents.

In summary, warm and cold ocean currents are large-scale movements of water with different temperatures. They are driven by factors such as wind and density differences. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, has a significant impact on the climate of the regions it passes through, including the territory of Russia. However, its influence is indirect and can vary depending on various factors.