Question

Определите две экономичиских причины Великих географических открытий ​

Answer 1

Экономические причины Великих Географических открытий.

1 Переход от феодализма к капитализму (началось развитие промышленности и как следствие этого начался рост товарного производства).

2 Нехватка в Европе золота и сырья.

3 Развитие науки и техники (появление современных на тот момент судов-каравелл,появился навигационный прибор-астролябия,стали печатать новые географические карты).

Answer 2

Economic Causes of the Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery, also known as the Great Geographical Discoveries, refers to the period of European exploration and colonization that took place from the 15th to the 17th centuries. During this time, European explorers embarked on voyages to discover new trade routes, establish colonies, and expand their empires. There were several economic factors that contributed to the Great Geographical Discoveries. Two of these economic causes are discussed below:

1. The Search for New Trade Routes

One of the primary economic motivations behind the Age of Discovery was the desire to find new trade routes to the lucrative markets of Asia. At the time, the overland trade routes to Asia, such as the Silk Road, were long and dangerous, making trade expensive and risky. European merchants and traders sought alternative routes to bypass the Ottoman Empire, which controlled the existing trade routes and imposed high taxes and tariffs.

The discovery of new sea routes to Asia would enable European nations to establish direct trade links with the rich markets of the East, bypassing intermediaries and reducing costs. This would allow them to obtain valuable goods such as spices, silk, and precious metals at lower prices, increasing their profits and economic power. The potential for immense wealth and economic gain served as a major incentive for European nations to invest in maritime exploration and discover new trade routes.

2. Access to New Sources of Wealth

Another economic motive behind the Great Geographical Discoveries was the desire to gain access to new sources of wealth. European nations believed that by exploring and colonizing new territories, they could acquire valuable resources and establish profitable trade networks.

The discovery of the Americas, for example, brought vast quantities of previously unknown resources to Europe, including gold, silver, precious stones, and agricultural products like tobacco and sugar. These resources fueled economic growth and transformed the European economies. The influx of precious metals from the Americas, in particular, led to inflation and the expansion of trade and commerce.

European nations also sought to establish colonies in order to exploit the natural resources of these new territories. They established plantations for cash crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were in high demand in Europe. The profits from these plantations contributed to the economic development of the colonizing nations.

In summary, the economic causes of the Great Geographical Discoveries can be attributed to the search for new trade routes to Asia and the desire to gain access to new sources of wealth. These economic motivations drove European nations to invest in maritime exploration, leading to the discovery of new territories, the establishment of colonies, and the expansion of trade networks.