Question

назвати основні чинники що формують клімат Південної Америки та пояснити на конкретних прикладах їх вплив на клімат. 20 балів​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Основними чинниками, які формують клімат Південної Америки, є географічна широта, рельєф, вітри й океанські течії.

Объяснение:

більша частина Південної Америки лежить у спекотному поясі між двома тропіками. Лише вузька південна частина материка знаходиться в помірних широтах. Отже, за кліматичними умовами Південна Америка нагадує Африку, однак від неї вона відрізняється більшою вологістю клімату.Анди розташовані на західному узбережжі материка й суцільною стіною перекривають рух тихоокеанського повітря вглиб материка. Зі сходу материк відкритий для проникнення пасатів, які несуть тепле й вологе повітря з Атлантики, яке доходить аж до східних схилів Анд. (ТРОПІКИ І ДЕЯКІ ПОМІРНІ ШИРОТИ. АНДИ НЕ ДАЮТЬ ПРОЙТИ ПАСАТАМ (ХОЛОДНИМ ВІТРАМ) ПРОЙТИ У МОРЕ І ВОНИ ЗАЛЕШАЮТЬСЯ В ПІВНІЧНІЙ АМЕРИЦІ ДОЩАМИ

Answer 2

Factors that Shape the Climate of South America

The climate of South America is influenced by several factors, including geographical features, ocean currents, atmospheric circulation patterns, and elevation. These factors interact to create a diverse range of climates across the continent. Let's explore some of the main factors and their specific impacts on the climate of South America.

1. Geographical Features:

South America is characterized by a variety of geographical features, such as the Andes Mountains, the Amazon Rainforest, and the coastal plains. These features play a significant role in shaping the climate of the continent.

- The Andes Mountains act as a barrier to prevailing winds, causing variations in temperature and precipitation across different regions. The western slopes of the Andes receive heavy rainfall due to the orographic effect, while the eastern slopes experience a rain shadow effect, resulting in drier conditions. - The Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world and has a significant impact on the climate of South America. The dense vegetation and high evapotranspiration rates contribute to the formation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which brings heavy rainfall to the region. - The coastal plains along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts also influence the climate. The cold Humboldt Current along the western coast of South America leads to the formation of coastal deserts, such as the Atacama Desert, while the warm Brazil Current along the eastern coast influences the climate of the adjacent regions.

2. Ocean Currents:

Ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating the climate of South America by influencing temperature and moisture patterns. Two significant ocean currents that impact the continent's climate are the Humboldt Current and the Brazil Current.

- The Humboldt Current is a cold ocean current that flows northward along the western coast of South America. It brings cold water from the Southern Ocean, resulting in cool temperatures and arid conditions in coastal areas, such as Peru and northern Chile. - The Brazil Current is a warm ocean current that flows southward along the eastern coast of South America. It transports warm water from the equatorial region, leading to higher temperatures and increased moisture in coastal regions, such as Brazil and Uruguay.

3. Atmospheric Circulation Patterns:

Atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the Hadley Cell and the Walker Circulation, influence the climate of South America by determining the distribution of rainfall and wind patterns.

- The Hadley Cell is a large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern that plays a significant role in the tropical regions. It drives the movement of the ITCZ, which brings heavy rainfall to the equatorial regions of South America, including the Amazon Rainforest. - The Walker Circulation is an atmospheric circulation pattern that influences the climate of the Pacific Ocean and adjacent land areas. It is characterized by the east-west movement of air and plays a role in the formation of El Niño and La Niña events, which can have significant impacts on the climate of South America.

4. Elevation:

Elevation is another important factor that influences the climate of South America. As you move higher in altitude, temperatures generally decrease, and precipitation patterns can change.

- The Andes Mountains have a significant impact on the climate due to their high elevation. The temperature decreases with increasing altitude, leading to the formation of different climate zones, such as the tierra caliente, tierra templada, and tierra fría. These zones have distinct temperature and vegetation patterns. - The Altiplano region, located in the highlands of the Andes, experiences a cold and dry climate due to its high elevation. The lack of moisture and low temperatures create harsh conditions for vegetation and agriculture.

In conclusion, the climate of South America is shaped by various factors, including geographical features, ocean currents, atmospheric circulation patterns, and elevation. These factors interact to create a diverse range of climates across the continent, from the tropical rainforests of the Amazon to the arid deserts of the Atacama. Understanding these factors is crucial for studying and predicting the climate patterns in South America.

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