Question

9. Что такое деградация почвы (Баллов: 1) изменение окружающей среды и гибель живых организмов количественные и качественные ухудшения свойств и утрата плодородия улучшение плодородия и свойств почвы

Answer 1

Ответ:

процесс, в результате которого ухудшается качество почвы, происходящий из-за таких аспектов, как неправильное землепользование.

Answer 2

Ответ:

2

я думаю 2 но не уверена ・・・

Answer 3

What is soil degradation?

Soil degradation refers to the deterioration of soil quality and fertility, leading to a decline in its ability to support plant growth and sustain ecosystems. It involves both quantitative and qualitative deterioration of soil properties, which can result in the loss of soil productivity and the destruction of habitats for living organisms.

Soil degradation can occur due to various factors, including natural processes such as erosion, as well as human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, improper agricultural practices, and industrial pollution. These factors can lead to the loss of topsoil, nutrient depletion, compaction, salinization, acidification, and contamination of soil, among other negative impacts.

Effects of soil degradation

Soil degradation has significant consequences for the environment and living organisms. Some of the effects include:

1. Loss of soil fertility: Soil degradation can result in the depletion of essential nutrients, organic matter, and beneficial microorganisms, reducing the soil's ability to support plant growth and agricultural productivity.

2. Reduced water-holding capacity: Degraded soils often have reduced water-holding capacity, leading to increased runoff and decreased infiltration. This can contribute to water scarcity, erosion, and flooding.

3. Erosion: Soil degradation can lead to increased soil erosion, which involves the loss of the topsoil layer through wind or water action. Erosion can result in the loss of valuable nutrients, reduced soil depth, and decreased soil productivity.

4. Loss of biodiversity: Degraded soils can negatively impact the diversity and abundance of soil organisms, including bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and insects. This loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystem functioning and reduce the resilience of ecosystems.

5. Climate change: Soil degradation can contribute to climate change through the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. When soils are degraded, organic matter decomposition increases, releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere.

Improving soil fertility and properties

Efforts to combat soil degradation and improve soil fertility involve various strategies and practices. Some of these include:

1. Conservation agriculture: Conservation agriculture practices, such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, and cover cropping, help reduce soil erosion, improve water retention, and enhance soil organic matter content. These practices promote sustainable soil management and can help restore soil fertility.

2. Soil erosion control: Implementing erosion control measures, such as contour plowing, terracing, and the use of vegetative barriers, can help prevent soil erosion and protect the topsoil from being washed away.

3. Nutrient management: Proper nutrient management, including the use of organic fertilizers, crop rotation, and precision farming techniques, can help replenish nutrient levels in the soil and maintain soil fertility.

4. Soil conservation practices: Implementing soil conservation practices, such as agroforestry, windbreaks, and the establishment of buffer zones, can help protect soil from erosion, improve soil structure, and enhance biodiversity.

5. Land restoration: Restoring degraded lands through reforestation, re-vegetation, and the use of soil amendments can help improve soil fertility and restore ecosystem functions.

It is important to note that addressing soil degradation requires a holistic approach that considers the specific conditions and challenges of each region. Local knowledge, sustainable land management practices, and the involvement of stakeholders are crucial for successful soil conservation and restoration efforts.

Conclusion

Soil degradation refers to the deterioration of soil quality and fertility, resulting in the loss of soil productivity and negative impacts on ecosystems. It can occur due to natural processes and human activities. Soil degradation has significant effects on soil fertility, water-holding capacity, erosion, biodiversity, and climate change. However, various strategies and practices, such as conservation agriculture, erosion control, nutrient management, soil conservation practices, and land restoration, can help improve soil fertility and properties, and mitigate soil degradation.