Question

Перечислите факторы климата, оказывающие влияние на климат Южной Америки, приведите доказательства влияния. ДАМ 50 БАЛЛОВ!

Answer 1

Ответ:

Климат Южной Америки определяется

следующими климатообразующими факторами:

• Географическое положение

(материк расположен между 12° с. ш. и 56° ю.ш., что обуславливает высокое значение солнечной радиации на всей территории. Большая часть материка получает 5000-6700 МДж/м² солнечной радиации в год)

• Высота над уровнем моря

(так как с увеличением высоты над уровнем моря климат становится более холодным. Средняя высота материка над уровнем моря составляет 580 м.)

• Океанические течения

(наибольшее значение на формирование климата материка оказывают холодное Перуанское течение на западе, Гвианская и Бразильская ветви теплого Южно-Пассатного течения на северо-востоке и востоке материка и холодное Фолклендское течение на юго-востоке)

• Рельеф

(отсутствие на востоке преград для передвижения воздуха приводит к тому, что воздушные потоки с Атлантического океана свободно проникают на запад вплоть до подножия Анд. На западе барьер Анд преграждает путь воздушным течениям, идущим с Тихого океана и Карибского моря)

• Характер подстилающей поверхности

(в зависимости от типа подстилающей поверхности (леса, пустыни, льды) по-разному отражается и поглощается солнечный свет, это способствует неравномерному прогреванию поверхности земли и также в значительной мере влияет на климат местности)

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Factors Affecting the Climate of South America

The climate of South America is influenced by various factors. Here are some key factors that affect the climate of South America:

1. Latitude: South America extends from the equator to the southern tip of the continent, resulting in a wide range of latitudes. This variation in latitude contributes to the diverse climate patterns across the continent. For example, regions closer to the equator experience tropical climates, while those closer to the poles have colder climates.

2. Altitude: The Andes mountain range runs along the western coast of South America and has a significant impact on the climate. As altitude increases, temperatures generally decrease. This results in a variety of climate zones, from tropical rainforests at lower elevations to alpine climates at higher elevations.

3. Ocean Currents: Ocean currents play a crucial role in shaping the climate of South America. The cold Peru Current, also known as the Humboldt Current, flows northward along the western coast, bringing cold waters from the Antarctic. This current influences the climate of coastal areas, making them cooler and drier. In contrast, the warm Brazil Current flows southward along the eastern coast, moderating temperatures and contributing to more humid conditions.

4. Prevailing Winds: The prevailing winds in South America, such as the trade winds and the westerlies, affect the distribution of rainfall and temperature patterns. For example, the trade winds from the east bring moisture to the northeastern part of the continent, resulting in the Amazon rainforest and other tropical ecosystems. The westerlies, on the other hand, influence the climate of the southern regions, including the Patagonian steppe and the Tierra del Fuego.

5. Topography: The diverse topography of South America, including mountains, plateaus, and plains, contributes to variations in climate. Mountains can create rain shadows, where one side of the mountain receives more rainfall than the other. For example, the Andes act as a barrier, causing the western slopes to be wetter than the eastern slopes, which experience a rain shadow effect.

6. El Niño and La Niña: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon has a significant impact on the climate of South America. El Niño events, characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, can lead to changes in rainfall patterns and temperature anomalies across the continent. La Niña events, on the other hand, are associated with cooler sea surface temperatures and can also influence the climate of South America.

Evidence of Climate Impact in South America

The influence of these factors on the climate of South America can be observed through various climate patterns and ecosystems across the continent. Here are some examples:

1. The Amazon Rainforest: The Amazon rainforest, located in the northern part of South America, is the largest tropical rainforest in the world. It thrives due to the combination of high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and the influence of the trade winds.

2. The Atacama Desert: The Atacama Desert, situated along the western coast of South America, is one of the driest places on Earth. The cold Peru Current and the rain shadow effect created by the Andes contribute to the arid conditions in this region.

3. The Andean Highlands: The Andes mountain range influences the climate of the highland regions. As altitude increases, temperatures decrease, resulting in colder climates and the presence of glaciers and snow-capped peaks.

4. The Patagonian Steppe: The Patagonian steppe, located in southern Argentina and Chile, experiences a cool and dry climate due to the influence of the westerlies and the rain shadow effect caused by the Andes.

These are just a few examples of how the factors mentioned above impact the climate of South America. The continent's climate is incredibly diverse, with various ecosystems and weather patterns influenced by these factors.

I hope this information helps! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.